Table 2 Prevalence of pre-diabetes/diabetes among adolescents aged 10–19 years by socio-demographic characteristics in India, 2016–18
Variables | Adolescent boys | Adolescent girls | Adolescent boys - Adolescent girls | Proportion Test |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(%) | (%) | (%) | P < 0.05 | |
Body Mass Index (BMI) | ||||
Not overweight/obese | 12.1 | 8.2 | 3.9 | |
Overweight/obese | 17.2 | 11.5 | 5.7 | * |
Abdominal obesity | ||||
No | 12.2 | 8.3 | 3.8 | * |
Yes | 20.8 | 9.1 | 11.7 | |
Triceps skinfold thickness (TSFT) | ||||
Not overweight | 12.0 | 8.3 | 3.7 | |
Overweight | 18.6 | 10.5 | 8.0 | |
Subscapular skinfold thickness (SSFT) | ||||
Not overweight | 11.6 | 8.1 | 3.5 | |
Overweight | 22.6 | 12.8 | 9.8 | * |
Physical activity | ||||
Low | 13.6 | 8.3 | 5.4 | * |
Medium | 12.2 | 9.2 | 3.0 | * |
High | 11.6 | 7.5 | 4.0 | * |
Serum triglycerides | ||||
Low | 12.2 | 9.2 | 3.0 | * |
High | 10.3 | 5.5 | 4.8 | * |
Cholesterol | ||||
Low | 12.0 | 8.5 | 3.5 | * |
High | 9.1 | 8.5 | 0.6 | * |
Low-density lipoprotein | ||||
Low | 11.9 | 8.3 | 3.6 | * |
High | 13.2 | 13.1 | 0.1 | * |
High-density lipoprotein | ||||
Low | 8.7 | 7.9 | 0.8 | * |
High | 12.3 | 8.7 | 3.7 | * |
Age (years) | ||||
Early adolescence (10–14) | 13.0 | 8.7 | 4.3 | * |
Late adolescence (15–19) | 11.7 | 7.8 | 3.9 | * |
Education | ||||
No schooling | 8.2 | 7.7 | 0.5 | |
Dropout | 12.3 | 9.4 | 2.9 | * |
Currently studying | 12.6 | 8.1 | 4.6 | * |
Media exposure | ||||
No | 11.8 | 7.1 | 4.7 | |
Yes | 12.6 | 8.6 | 4.0 | * |
Parent education | ||||
Both uneducated | 12.5 | 8.0 | 4.5 | * |
Anyone educated | 12.7 | 9.3 | 3.4 | * |
Both educated | 12.3 | 7.7 | 4.6 | * |
Parents diabetes status | ||||
No one | 12.5 | 8.4 | 4.2 | * |
Anyone had | 10.2 | 6.7 | 3.5 | |
Diet | 0.0 | |||
Vegetarian | 14.1 | 10.3 | 3.9 | * |
Non-vegetarian | 12.0 | 7.6 | 4.5 | * |
Junk food consumption | ||||
No | 12.9 | 10.7 | 2.2 | * |
1–2 days | 12.1 | 7.5 | 4.7 | * |
3–7 days | 14.1 | 5.7 | 8.5 | * |
Substance use | ||||
No | 11.9 | 8.2 | 3.7 | * |
Yes | 18.9 | 14.1 | 4.8 | * |
Caste | ||||
SC/ST | 11.8 | 9.5 | 2.4 | * |
Non-SC/ST | 12.7 | 7.7 | 5.0 | * |
Religion | ||||
Hindu | 12.3 | 8.5 | 3.8 | * |
Muslim | 11.8 | 6.3 | 5.5 | * |
Christian | 18.1 | 12.3 | 5.8 | * |
Others | 15.3 | 10.1 | 5.1 | |
Wealth quintile | ||||
Poor | 10.8 | 9.4 | 1.4 | * |
Middle | 14.0 | 7.6 | 6.4 | * |
Rich | 13.3 | 7.6 | 5.6 | * |
Place of residence | ||||
Rural | 12.4 | 8.4 | 4.0 | * |
Urban | 12.7 | 8.0 | 4.7 | * |
Regions | ||||
North | 16.3 | 10.6 | 5.8 | * |
Central | 11.1 | 6.9 | 4.2 | * |
East | 9.3 | 5.5 | 3.7 | * |
Northeast | 18.4 | 8.3 | 10.1 | * |
West | 13.7 | 12.9 | 0.9 | |
South | 14.5 | 10.2 | 4.3 | * |
Total | 12.4 | 8.3 | 4.1 | * |