Characteristics | DKA-AP (n = 37) | DKA (n = 161) | Control (n = 72) | χ2/Z | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex, n (%) | |||||
Female | 21 (56.76) | 91 (56.52) | 38 (52.78) | 0.307 | 0.856 |
Male | 16 (43.24) | 70 (43.48) | 34 (47.22) | ||
Age, year | 63.29 ± 6.72 | 62.98 ± 7.01 | 64.01 ± 6.92 | 0.346 | 0.708 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.38 ± 3.01 | 24.19 ± 2.78 | 24.09 ± 2.68 | 0.267 | 0.766 |
Biochemical parameters | |||||
Creatine, μmol/L | 118.76 ± 18.73 | 117.98 ± 13.29 | 56.98 ± 6.93 | 391.612 | < 0.001 |
HbAlc, % | 9.01 ± 2.02 | 8.91 ± 1.97 | 5.37 ± 0.76 | 110.988 | < 0.001 |
BUN, mmol/L | 5.74 ± 0.34 | 5.43 ± 0.31 | 5.01 ± 0.28 | 130.692 | < 0.001 |
LDL, mmol/L | 3.02 ± 0.76 | 2.99 ± 0.26 | 2.87 ± 0.27 | 1.431 | 0.241 |
HDL, mmol/L | 1.05 ± 0.21 | 0.92 ± 0.18 | 0.68 ± 0.23 | 76.904 | < 0.001 |
AST, U/L | 56.83 ± 8.92 | 29.98 ± 2.19 | 28.08 ± 2.01 | 458.502 | < 0.001 |
ALT, U/L | 63.19 ± 7.62 | 27.99 ± 2.23 | 27.23 ± 1.87 | 996.273 | < 0.001 |
CO2CP, mmol/L | 30.08 ± 2.72 | 29.76 ± 1.08 | 28.08 ± 1.03 | 9.296 | < 0.001 |
Blood glucose, mol/L | 13.02 ± 2.18 | 10.76 ± 1.92 | 5.36 ± 1.29 | 390.662 | < 0.001 |
Blood potassium, mmol/L | 4.38 ± 0.28 | 4.26 ± 0.23 | 4.01 ± 0.19 | 53.713 | < 0.001 |
Blood sodium, mmol/L | 147.93 ± 32.09 | 144.99 ± 31.29 | 142.97 ± 29.84 | 0.659 | 0.518 |
Bloog ketone, M (P25, P75), mmol/L | 4.83 (3.47, 6.03) | 0.06 (0, 0.20) | 0.03 (0, 0.18) | 69.876 | < 0.001 |
hs-TnT, M (P25, P75), μg/L | 0.08 (0.03, 0.019) | 0.02 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.01 (0, 0.14) | 31.876 | < 0.001 |
BNP, ng/L | 85.43 ± 6.38 | 67.98 ± 8.27 | 54.39 ± 5.83 | 616.474 | < 0.001 |
TG, mmol/L | 2.73 ± 0.63 | 2.69 ± 0.59 | 2.51 ± 0.48 | 3.562 | 0.03 |
TC, mmol/L | 5.17 ± 0.47 | 4.82 ± 0.39 | 4.51 ± 0.23 | 66.639 | < 0.001 |
Lactate, M (P25, P75), mmol/L | 2.71 (1.06, 4.73) | 0.91 (0.51, 1.69) | 0.89 (0.50, 1.61) | 56.543 | < 0.001 |
pH | 7.4 ± 0.26 | 7.1 ± 0.23 | 7.0 ± 0.09 | 84.499 | < 0.001 |
Frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis, M (P25, P75) | 2 (1, 3) | 0 (0, 1) | 0 | 10.987 | < 0.001 |
Onset age of diabetes, M (P25, P75), year | 35 (26, 58) | 36 (28, 59) | 0 | −0.519 | 0.606 |
Type of diabetes, n (%) | |||||
Type I | 17 | 85 | 0 | 12.923 | < 0.001 |
Type II | 19 | 41 | 0 | ||
Unkown | 1 | 35 | 0 | ||
Duration of diabetes, M (P25, P75), year | 9 (0.6, 19) | 0 (0, 1) | 0 | 8.876 | < 0.001 |
Complications, n (%) | |||||
Vascular complications | 17 (45.95) | 31 (19.25) | 0 | 11.671 | 0.001 |
Abdominal pain | 33 (81.08) | 22 (13.66) | 0 | 85.542 | < 0.001 |
Delirium | 2 (5.41) | 14 (8.70) | 0 | 0.438 | 0.508 |