The effect of comorbidities on glycemic control among Colombian adults with diabetes mellitus: a longitudinal approach with real-world data

Table 2 Multivariate-adjusted odds of poor glycemic control by comorbidities in Colombian adults with diabetes mellitus, 2014-2019

Model	Hypertension			Chronic kidney disease			Obesity
Model	OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value
Age adjusted	1.08	0.91 - 1.28	0.36	1.76	1.54 - 2.02	< 0.01	1.49	1.30 - 1.71	< 0.01
Multivariable 1 ^a (Fixed BMI)	1.08	0.91 - 1.28	0.36	1.75	1.53 - 2.00	< 0.01	1.46	1.27 - 1.68	< 0.01
Multivariable 1 ^b (Time variant BMI)	0.98	0.83 - 1.16	0.84	1.87	1.64 - 2.14	< 0.01	NA	NA	NA
Multivariable 2 ^c (Fixed BMI)	1.04	0.87 - 1.24	0.66	1.67	1.45 - 1.93	< 0.01	1.52	1.31 - 1.75	< 0.01
Multivariable 2 ^d (Time variant BMI)	0.94	0.78 - 1.13	0.53	1.78	1.55 - 2.05	< 0.01	NA	NA	NA
Stratified ^c
Gender
Men	1.03	0.80-1.33	0.82	1.55	1.25-1.92	< 0.01	1.47	1.17-1.85	< 0.01
Women	1.07	0.83-1.37	0.61	1.78	1.47-2.14	< 0.01	1.59	1.32-1.91	< 0.01
Health insurance
Third payer	1.10	0.91-1.32	0.32	1.84	1.59-2.12	< 0.01	1.64	1.41-1.90	< 0.01
State insurance	0.83	0.39-1.77	0.63	0.16	0.1-0.30	< 0.01	0.68	0.34-1.37	0.28
Early onset DM
Diagnosis < 45 y	0.95	0.48-1.84	0.87	2.01	0.93-4.36	0.08	1.72	1.48-1.99	< 0.01
Diagnosis ≥45 y	0.75	0.62-0.90	< 0.01	1.34	1.16-1.54	< 0.01	0.60	0.30-1.20	0.15

Abbreviations: OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index
^a Adjusted for age (continuous), gender (men vs women) and body mass index (continuous and fixed)
^b Adjusted for age (continuous), gender (men vs women) and body mass index (continuous and time variant)
^c Adjusted for age (continuous), gender (men vs women), body mass index (continuous and fixed), ethnicity (indigenous or afro descendant vs. other), health insurance (state insurance or uninsured vs. third payer) and diabetes duration (continuous)
^d Adjusted for age (continuous), gender (men vs women), body mass index (continuous and time variant), ethnicity (indigenous or afro descendant vs. other), health insurance (state insurance or uninsured vs. third payer) and diabetes duration (continuous)

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