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Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors associated with diabetes and prediabetes in the Khuzestan study

From: Prevalence and determinants of diabetes and prediabetes in southwestern Iran: the Khuzestan comprehensive health study (KCHS)

Variable

Prediabetes

Diabetes

Unadjusted. RR

(95% CI)

Adjusted. RR*

(95% CI)

Unadjusted. RR

(95% CI)

Adjusted. RR*

(95% CI)

Sex

Male

    

Female

0.91 (0.87, 0.96)

0.87 (0.82, 0.92)

0.97 (0.91, 1.04)

0.98 (0.91, 1.06)

Age (years)

20–34.9

    

35–49.9

1.57 (1.47, 1.66)

1.63 (1.53, 1.73)

5.05 (4.47, 5.69)

5.25 (4.63, 5.95)

50–65

2.45 (2.29, 2.62)

2.61 (2.43, 2.81)

18.86 (16.75, 21.24)

20.54 (18.13, 23.28)

BMI (Kg/m2)

< 25

    

25–29.9

1.48 (1.39, 1.57)

1.47 (1.38, 1.56)

2.17 (1.99, 2.37)

2.11 (1.93, 2.31)

≥30

1.91 (1.79, 2.04)

1.88 (1.76, 2.01)

3.38 (3.09, 3.69)

3.24 (2.96, 3.56)

Waist circumference (cm)

< 90

    

≥90

1.70 (1.61, 1.79)

1.66 (1.58, 1.76)

3.77 (3.49, 4.08)

3.62 (3.34, 3.92)

Hypertension

No

    

Yes

1.73 (1.62, 1.85)

1.71 (1.60, 1.83)

5.19 (4.82, 5.59)

5.09 (4.72, 5.49)

Diabetes family history

No

    

Yes

1.23 (1.16, 1.30)

1.17 (1.11, 1.24)

2.41 (2.25, 2.57)

2.30 (2.15, 2.46)

Education

Illiterate

    

Elementary

0.92 (0.86, 0.98)

0.86 (0.80, 0.92)

0.54 (0.50, 0.58)

0.43 (0.40, 0.47)

Secondary

0.75 (0.70, 0.81)

0.67 (0.62, 0.73)

0.32 (0.29, 0.35)

0.21 (0.19, 0.24)

Higher education

0.71 (0.64, 0.79)

0.61 (0.54, 0.68)

0.17 (0.14, 0.20)

0.10 (0.09, 0.13)

  1. *Data are adjusted for cigarette smoking (never vs. ever), hookah smoking (never vs. ever), opium use (never vs. ever), alcohol use (never vs. ever), marital status (single vs. married), residence (urban vs. rural), ethnicity (Arab vs. Bakhtiari vs. Fars vs. Turk/Kurd/Lur), and wealth index (four quartiles)
  2. *RR Relative risk