Table 2 Comparison of general material and biochemical indexes of each subgroup

Sex (male/female)

107/76

27/21

58/50

0.729

Age (years)

54.4 ± 10.9^##

67.9 ± 11.2**^△

63.2 ± 10.8

0.000

Diabetic duration (years)

7.0 (3.0–12.0)^##

11.0 (7.0–17.0)**

10.0 (5.0–15.0)

0.000

BMI (kg/m2)

26.60 ± 3.27^##

27.93 ± 3.14*^△△

24.69 ± 3.38

0.000

Systolic pressure(mmHg)

132 (122–144)

133 (123–155)

132 (120–152)

0.330

Diastolic pressure(mmHg)

83.2 ± 9.6

81.1 ± 12.0

82.1 ± 10.2

0.374

Waistline(cm)

93 (87–99)^##

96 (90–101)^△△

90 (85–95)

0.000

ALT(U/L)

21 (16–32)^##

18 (13–30)*

15 (12–22)

0.000

AST(U/L)

18 (15–22)

20 (16–27)*^△△

17 (14–21)

0.006

GGT (U/L)

31.0 (22.0–49.0)^##

25.5 (18.0–42.8)^△△

18.5 (13.0–28.0)

0.000

CR (umol/L)

56.0 (47.6–65.1)^##

64.2 (53.7–79.9)**

62.8 (49.8–72.3)

0.000

UA (umol/L)

315.5 ± 91.9

356.9 ± 82.7**^△△

304.1 ± 101.6

0.005

CysC (mg/L)

0.88 (0.79–0.98)^##

1.09 (0.93–1.37)**

0.97 (0.83–1.17)

0.000

FBG (mmol/L)

8.21 (6.55–11.35)^##

7.59 (5.70–9.89)

6.86 (5.59–9.84)

0.003

TG (mmol/L)

1.98 (1.31–2.84)^##

1.68 (1.12–2.64)

1.20 (0.89–1.58)

0.000

TC (mmol/L)

4.90 ± 1.12^#

4.69 ± 1.02

4.56 ± 1.21

0.037

HDL (mmol/L)

1.01 (0.86–1.17)^##

1.05 (0.85–1.30)^△

1.10 (0.98–1.39)

0.000

LDL (mmol/L)

2.90 ± 0.83

2.81 ± 0.85

2.69 ± 1.04

0.167

HOMA-IR (CP)

3.90 (3.10–5.13)^##

3.67 (3.06–4.54)^△

2.82 (2.45–3.67)

0.000

HBA1C (%)

8.7 (7.2–9.9)

8.2 (6.9–9.5)

7.7 (6.6–9.5)

0.042

25-(OH) D (ng/mL)

14.92 (11.72–18.64)^#

13.97 (11.21–15.86)*^△△

16.21 (12.22–22.59)

0.005