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Table 4 Effect size of hypertension on incident diabetes in prespecified and exploratory subgroups

From: Association of hypertension and incident diabetes in Chinese adults: a retrospective cohort study using propensity-score matching

Characteristic

No of participants

HR (95%CI)

P value

P for interaction

Age (years)

0.8253

  < 45

10,424

1.217 (0.876, 1.691)

0.2420

 

 45–60

9796

1.093 (0.908, 1.315)

0.3490

 

  ≥ 60

8134

1.047 (0.907, 1.208)

0.5317

 

Gender

0.7122

 Male

39,072

1.068 (0.975, 1.170)

0.1587

 

 Female

198

0.847 (0.341, 2.106)

0.7213

 

BMI (Kg/m2)

0.2095

  < 25

16,382

1.038 (0.840, 1.283)

0.7305

 

  ≥ 25, < 29.9

12,466

1.027 (0.899, 1.175)

0.6916

 

  ≥ 29.9

624

0.676 (0.441, 1.035)

0.0715

 

FPG (mmol/L)

0.3394

  < 6.1

48,902

1.162 (1.029, 1.312)

0.0154

 

  ≥ 6.1

590

1.052 (0.774, 1.430)

0.7455

 

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m^2)

0.1310

  < 90

2316

0.899 (0.678, 1.193)

0.4616

 

  ≥ 90

42,158

1.137 (1.026, 1.260)

0.0143

 

BUN (mmol/L)

0.0675

  < 7.1

10,374

0.708 (0.476, 1.052)

0.0874

 

  ≥ 7.1

26,662

1.053 (0.957, 1.159)

0.2911

 

ALT(U/L)

0.7811

  < 40

36,772

1.102 (0.990, 1.227)

0.0751

 

  ≥ 40

2380

1.023 (0.743, 1.409)

0.8886

 

AST(U/L)

0.5111

  < 40

9038

1.123 (0.918, 1.373)

0.2607

 

  ≥ 40

78

1.011 (0.353, 2.901)

0.9832

 

 Not record

18,880

0.935 (0.819, 1.066)

0.5641

 

TC (mmol/L)

0.5027

  < 6.22

48,008

1.092 (0.999, 1.194)

0.0521

 

  ≥ 6.22

518

0.678 (0.312, 1.473)

0.3257

 

TG (mmol/L)

0.5843

  < 2.66

35,572

1.071 (0.953, 1.203)

0.2513

 

  ≥ 2.66

3440

0.994 (0.788, 1.255)

0.9612

 

HDL-C (mmol/L)

0.9791

  < 1.04

588

0.984 (0.474, 2.042)

0.9659

 

  ≥ 1.04

12,444

1.035 (0.883, 1.212)

0.6713

 

 Not recorded

11,022

0.953 (0.774, 1.173)

0.6496

 

LDL-C (mmol/L)

0.1366

  < 4.14

17,236

1.094 (0.961, 1.245)

0.1758

 

  ≥ 4.14

54

0.000 (0.000, Inf)

0.9999

 

 Not recorded

10,506

1.022 (0.820, 1.274)

0.8449

 

Smoking status

0.5709

 Current/Ever smoker

662

1.295 (0.492, 3.412)

0.6008

 

 Never smoker

1954

1.134 (0.650, 1.978)

0.6581

 

 Not recorded

29,142

1.165 (1.055, 1.287)

0.0026

 

Drinking status

0.6793

 Current/Ever drinker

238

1.613 (0.446, 5.832)

0.4656

 

 Never drinker

2944

1.043 (0.734, 1.481)

0.8139

 

 Not recorded

29,142

1.165 (1.055, 1.287)

0.0026

 
  1. Note 1: Above models adjusted for age, gender, BMI, FPG, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, ALT, AST, BUN, eGFR, family history of diabetes, smoking and drinking status
  2. Note 2: In each case, the model is not adjusted for the stratification variable
  3. BMI Body mass index, FPG Fasting plasma glucose, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate, BUN Serum urea nitrogen, ALT Alanine aminotransferase, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, TC Total cholesterol, TG, Triglyceride, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C Low-density lipid cholesterol, HR Hazard ratios, CI Confidence interval