Table 4 Summary of Published Studies on the Association of Obesity with Thyroid Dysfunction
Author, Year and Country | Study | Findings |
|---|---|---|
Meta-analysis | ||
Song et al. 2019 [20] | Meta-analysis of 22 studies | -Positive association between obesity and overt hypothyroidism -Positive association between obesity and subclinical hypothyroidism -Positive association between obesity and TPOAb positivity |
Cohort studies | ||
Knudsen et al. 2005 Denmark [21] | n: 4082, aged 18–65 years Average follow-up: 5 years | -Positive association between TSH and BMI -Positive association between FT4 and BMI |
Gopinath et al., Australia 2010 [22] | n: 1768, age: ≥55 years Follow-up years: 5 years | -Positive association between obesity and overt hypothyroidism -No significant association between obesity and subclinical hypothyroidism |
Soriguer et al. 2011 Spain [23] | F: 479/M: 305, age 18–65 years Follow-up: 6 years | -Obese participants had higher FT4 levels than control after fallow-up |
Bjergved et al. Denmark 2014 [24] | F: 1577/M: 367, age 18–65 years Average follow-up: 11.2 years | -Positive association between BMI and TSH changes over follow-up -Negative association between FT4 change and BMI change only in women |
Cross-sectional studies | ||
Manji et al. United Kingdom 2006 [25] | F: 361/M: 40, mean age 48.2 years | -No significant difference between obese and non-obese participants for TSH and FT4 levels |
Rotondi et al. Italy 2009 [12] | F: 256/M: 94, mean age 46.2 ± 12.2 years | -Obese participants had lower FT4 and higher TSH levels, no correlation was seen between TSH and FT4 with BMI |
Ambrosi et al. Italy 2010 [13] | Only overweight and obese individuals, F: 436/M: 145, mean age: 39.8 ± 13.7 years | -TSH was positively correlated with BMI |
Sakurai et al. Japan 2014 [26] | F: 993/M: 1044, age 36–55 years | -Positive association between BMI and TSH only in men |
Bétry et al. France 2015 [8] | Only included obese participants, F: 554/M: 246, mean age: 44 ± 0.5 | -BMI and leptin were positively associated with TSH |
Al-Musa et al. Saudi Arabia 2017 [16] | n:278, F: 48.2% M: 51.8% | -Positive correlation between BMI and TSH -BMI had no statistically significant correlation with FT4 |
Valdés et al., 2017 Spain [27] | n: 3928, age: 18–93 F: 54% M: 46% | -Positive association between BMI and TSH levels |