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Table 3 Continuous glucose monitoring and dietary patterns in intervention group

From: The effects of professional continuous glucose monitoring as an adjuvant educational tool for improving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes

 

Baseline evaluation

Three-months evaluation

Changes between three-months and baseline evaluation a

mean (SD)

median (minimum, maximum)

mean (SD)

median (minimum, maximum)

mean

95% Conf. Interval

Continuous glucose monitoring patterns

n = 152

 

n = 112

 

n = 112

 

Number of days CGM worn

6.4 (0.61)

6 (2, 7)

6.4 (0.73)

6 (4, 8)

−0.02

− 0.21, 0.17

Percentage of time CGM was active

68.2 (18.1)

69.3 (1.1, 93.1)

72.0 (12.2)

69.2 (40.3, 98.9)

3.03

−0.74, 6.81

Mean glucose levels, mg/dl

202.2 (50.7)

198 (103, 397)

190.9 (51.9)

181.5 (104, 362)

−11.64*

−22.92, −0.36

Glycemic variability measured through standard deviation

57.3 (19.0)

56 (11, 115)

53.3 (17.8)

52.5 (13, 111)

−3.93*

−7.57, − 0.29

Percentage of time in range (70–180 mg/dl)

43.4 (25.9)

40 (0, 93)

50.9 (28.7)

52.5 (0, 100)

7.65*

1.86, 13.44

Percentage of time above range (> 180 mg/dl)

54.9 (27.0)

58 (1, 100)

48.3 (29.4)

46 (0, 100)

−6.57*

−12.73, −0.41

Percentage of time above range (> 250 mg dl)

23.9 (23.2)

17.5 (0, 100)

20.3 (23.3)

11.5 (0, 96)

−3.0

−8.0, 1.9

Percentage of time below range (< 70 mg/dl)

1.4 (3.5)

0 (0, 21)

0.9 (2.2)

0 (0, 14)

−0.49

−1.26, 0.27

Percentage of time below range (< 54 mg/dl)

0.9 (4.9)

0 (0, 51)

0.2 (0.8)

0 (0, 5)

−0.86

−1.91, 0.19

Percentage of the area over the blood concentration-time curve

61.3 (43.1)

52 (0.3, 246.9)

52.7 (43.6)

43 (0, 212.3)

−8.50

−17.93, 0.93

Percentage of the area under the blood concentration-time curve

0.22 (0.78)

0 (0, 6.4)

0.09 (0.29)

0 (0, 1.6)

−0.13

−0.29, 0.04

Dietary patterns

 Daily caloric intake, Kcal/day

n = 152

 

n = 122

 

n = 122

 

 Total

1334.6 (443.7)

1250 (538, 3157)

1144.8 (295.6)

1108.5 (456, 2085)

−189.83*

−270.6, −109.0

 From carbohydrates

603.7 (235.3)

576 (68, 1184)

507.9 (200.7)

500 (72, 892)

−95.80*

− 141.62, −49.99

 From proteins

288.3 (92.9)

272 (132, 652)

255.7 (76.7)

248 (108, 420)

−32.66*

−49.77, −15.55

 From fat

431.9 (235.1)

387 (0, 1620)

375.9 (124.2)

378 (0, 747)

−56.06*

− 101.58, − 10.55

  1. SD Standard deviation
  2. *p < 0.05