Baseline evaluation | Three-months evaluation | Changes between three-months and baseline evaluation a | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mean (SD) | median (minimum, maximum) | mean (SD) | median (minimum, maximum) | mean | 95% Conf. Interval | |
Continuous glucose monitoring patterns | n = 152 | n = 112 | n = 112 | |||
Number of days CGM worn | 6.4 (0.61) | 6 (2, 7) | 6.4 (0.73) | 6 (4, 8) | −0.02 | − 0.21, 0.17 |
Percentage of time CGM was active | 68.2 (18.1) | 69.3 (1.1, 93.1) | 72.0 (12.2) | 69.2 (40.3, 98.9) | 3.03 | −0.74, 6.81 |
Mean glucose levels, mg/dl | 202.2 (50.7) | 198 (103, 397) | 190.9 (51.9) | 181.5 (104, 362) | −11.64* | −22.92, −0.36 |
Glycemic variability measured through standard deviation | 57.3 (19.0) | 56 (11, 115) | 53.3 (17.8) | 52.5 (13, 111) | −3.93* | −7.57, − 0.29 |
Percentage of time in range (70–180 mg/dl) | 43.4 (25.9) | 40 (0, 93) | 50.9 (28.7) | 52.5 (0, 100) | 7.65* | 1.86, 13.44 |
Percentage of time above range (> 180 mg/dl) | 54.9 (27.0) | 58 (1, 100) | 48.3 (29.4) | 46 (0, 100) | −6.57* | −12.73, −0.41 |
Percentage of time above range (> 250 mg dl) | 23.9 (23.2) | 17.5 (0, 100) | 20.3 (23.3) | 11.5 (0, 96) | −3.0 | −8.0, 1.9 |
Percentage of time below range (< 70 mg/dl) | 1.4 (3.5) | 0 (0, 21) | 0.9 (2.2) | 0 (0, 14) | −0.49 | −1.26, 0.27 |
Percentage of time below range (< 54 mg/dl) | 0.9 (4.9) | 0 (0, 51) | 0.2 (0.8) | 0 (0, 5) | −0.86 | −1.91, 0.19 |
Percentage of the area over the blood concentration-time curve | 61.3 (43.1) | 52 (0.3, 246.9) | 52.7 (43.6) | 43 (0, 212.3) | −8.50 | −17.93, 0.93 |
Percentage of the area under the blood concentration-time curve | 0.22 (0.78) | 0 (0, 6.4) | 0.09 (0.29) | 0 (0, 1.6) | −0.13 | −0.29, 0.04 |
Dietary patterns | ||||||
Daily caloric intake, Kcal/day | n = 152 | n = 122 | n = 122 | |||
Total | 1334.6 (443.7) | 1250 (538, 3157) | 1144.8 (295.6) | 1108.5 (456, 2085) | −189.83* | −270.6, −109.0 |
From carbohydrates | 603.7 (235.3) | 576 (68, 1184) | 507.9 (200.7) | 500 (72, 892) | −95.80* | − 141.62, −49.99 |
From proteins | 288.3 (92.9) | 272 (132, 652) | 255.7 (76.7) | 248 (108, 420) | −32.66* | −49.77, −15.55 |
From fat | 431.9 (235.1) | 387 (0, 1620) | 375.9 (124.2) | 378 (0, 747) | −56.06* | − 101.58, − 10.55 |