Table 1 General characteristics of the reviewed studies and the primary results
Study | Year | Country | Number | Age (Years) | Ophthalmic examination test | cut-off value | DR diagnosis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DR | Control | TP | FN | FP | TN | ||||||
McCance [18] | 1994 | USA | 32 | 927 | >25 | Direct ophthalmoscopic examination | 7.8 | 21 | 11 | 115 | 812 |
Miyazaki [19] | 2004 | Japan | 37 | 1600 | 40-79 | indirect ophthalmoscopy, slit lamp, and 45°fundus photographs. | 5.7 | 32 | 5 | 158 | 1442 |
Cheng [20] | 2009 | USA | 153 | 913 | ≥40 | Two 45° nonmydriatic color digital images | 5.5 | 122 | 21 | 575 | 338 |
Massin [21] | 2011 | France | 44 | 656 | 30-65 | Three nonmydriatic digital retinal photograph | 6 | 8 | 36 | 52 | 604 |
Xin Z [22] | 2012 | China | 74 | 2477 | 18-79 | Two 45°color digital images | 6.8 | 63 | 11 | 297 | 2180 |
Cho [23] | 2013 | Korea | 63 | 3340 | 40-69 | single-field nonmydriatic fundus photography | 6.7 | 54 | 9 | 528 | 2812 |
Park [24] | 2014 | Korea | 115 | 5097 | ≥19 | 45°nonmydriatic digital retina image | 6.2 | 108 | 7 | 525 | 4572 |
Mukai [25] | 2014 | Japan | 52 | 2629 | 40-79 | 45°fundus photographs | 6.1 | 45 | 7 | 294 | 2335 |
Sabanayagam (a) [26] | 2015 | India | 165 | 3575 | 40-80 | two 45°retinal images | 6.5 | 142 | 23 | 1004 | 2571 |
Sabanayagam (b) [26] | 2015 | India | 137 | 3459 | 40-80 | two 45°retinal images | 6.5 | 117 | 20 | 820 | 2639 |
Sabanayagam (c) [26] | 2015 | India | 93 | 5741 | 40-80 | two 45°retinal images | 6.5 | 70 | 23 | 592 | 5149 |
Tangjai [27] | 2015 | Thailand | 50 | 50 | 45-65 | slit lamp | 7.25 | 42 | 8 | 17 | 33 |
Wang B [28] | 2016 | China | 253 | 8138 | 40-90 | digital fundus photographs | 6.5 | 204 | 49 | 1066 | 7072 |
Xu J [29] | 2016 | China | 496 | 1511 | 64.1±9.0 | 45°color digital images | 6.5 | 372 | 124 | 855 | 656 |
Okosun [30] | 2016 | USA | 93 | 372 | 62.6 | digital retinal photography | 5.2 | 87 | 6 | 290 | 82 |
Zhang R [31] | 2016 | China | 40 | 3084 | NR | 45°fundus photographs | 6.4 | 25 | 15 | 296 | 2788 |
Aidenloo [32] | 2016 | Iran | 59 | 2951 | 40-81 | 45°color digital images | 6.2 | 53 | 3 | 310 | 2641 |
Ji XJ [33] | 2018 | China | 215 | 285 | NR | fundus examination | 8.05 | 149 | 66 | 34 | 251 |
Zheng LY [34] | 2019 | China | 81 | 87 | 42-82 | fundus examination | 20.01 | 66 | 15 | 33 | 54 |
Kang ML [35] | 2020 | China | 93 | 207 | 18-87 | Ultrasonic | NR | 75 | 18 | 20 | 187 |