Table 1 Clinical characteristics of different number of diabetic complications
| Â | Number of Diabetic Complications | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 (n = 74) | 1 (n = 133) | 2 (n = 201) | 3 (n = 275) | 4 (n = 142) | ||
Age (years) | 44 (36–50) | 52 (46–61) | 62 (52–69) | 63 (54–71) | 68 (55–75.25) | <  0.001*** |
Female (n) | 32 (43.24%) | 75 (55.97%) | 100 (49.75%) | 158 (57.66%) | 80 (56.34%) | 0.374 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.01 ± 3.34 | 23.89 ± 3.33 | 24.53 ± 3.58 | 24.08 ± 3.30 | 24.58 ± 3.54 | 0.156 |
Smoke (n) | 30 (40.54%) | 51 (38.06%) | 63 (31.34%) | 88 (32%) | 50 (35.21%) | 0.774 |
Drink (n) | 21 (28.38%) | 42 (31.34%) | 61 (30.35%) | 84 (30.55%) | 33 (23.24%) | 0.77 |
Duration (years) | ||||||
 0–5 | 51 (70.83%) | 77 (57.46%) | 64 (31.84%) | 87 (31.64%) | 21 (14.79%) | <  0.001*** |
 5–10 | 16 (21.62%) | 52 (38.8%) | 66 (32.84%) | 77 (28%) | 37 (26.06%) | 0.255 |
 10–15 | 7 (9.46%) | 18 (13.43%) | 32 (15.92%) | 55 (20%) | 41 (28.87%) | 0.019* |
 15–20 | 0 (0%) | 5 (3.7%) | 18 (9%) | 29 (10.55%) | 18 (12.68%) | 0.009** |
  > 20 | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.7%) | 20 (1%) | 27 (9.82%) | 25 (17.61%) | <  0.001*** |
SAFs (AU) | 76.35 (71.45–80.15) | 79.6 (72.45–89.9) | 84.7 (77.05–94.7) | 86.6 (76.7–96.2) | 91.85 (81.63–102.5) | <  0.001*** |
 N value (score) | 64.3 (59.35–73.4) | 65.8 (59.45–76.35) | 74.1 (64.6–81.55) | 74.7 (64.8–82) | 77.8 (68.38–85.73) | <  0.001*** |
 R value (score) | 62.35 (57.58–68.88) | 66.3 (57.93–77.23) | 74.1 (63.65–80.7) | 75.1 (63.3–79.9) | 78 (68.28–84.33) | <  0.001*** |
 K value (score) | 62.7 (58.03–64.8) | 64.5 (56.05–71.2) | 66.1 (62.05–77.25) | 67.1 (62–76.9) | 74 (64.98–85.08) | <  0.001*** |
 C value (score) | 71.8 (64.58–79.38) | 74.2 (64.5–81.8) | 78.8 (67.6–83.55) | 79.5 (67–85.3) | 83.6 (74.38–89.4) | <  0.001*** |
Lab tests | ||||||
 FBG (μmol/L) | 7.7 (6.21–10.14) | 7.33 (6.19–9.66) | 7.92 (6.3–11.46) | 7.9 (6.17–10.97) | 8.65 (6.31–11.39) | 0.696 |
 2-h PBG (mmol/L) | 16.91 ± 5.67 | 16.63 ± 5.09 | 18.04 ± 4.29 | 18.21 ± 4.83 | 18.52 ± 5.66 | 0.078 |
 Fasting C-peptide (ng/mL) | 0.8 (0.67–1) | 0.67 (0.5–0.87) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.66 (0.48–0.9) | 0.79 (0.51–0.98) | 0.091 |
 2-h C-peptide (ng/mL) | 1.77 (1.35–2.64) | 1.77 (1.25–2.46) | 1.61 (1.22–2.25) | 1.68 (1.1–2.34) | 1.47 (0.12–2.05) | 0.09 |
 HbA1c (%) | 8.3 (6.1–11) | 7.65 (6.2–10.55) | 8.0 (6.5–10.7) | 7.8 (6.3–10.2) | 8 (6.65–10.55) | 0.164 |
 Tch (mmol/L) | 4.47 (3.88–5.47) | 4.45 (3.89–5.3) | 4.36 (3.68–5.14) | 4.3 (3.64–4.94) | 4.49 (3.55–5.35) | 0.013* |
 TGs (mmol/L) | 2.1 (1.37–3.78) | 1.66 (1.25–2.52) | 1.52 (1.11–2.39) | 1.64 (1.06–2.44) | 1.74 (1.24–2.68) | <  0.001*** |
 HDL-C (mmol/L) | 0.97 (0.84–1.13) | 1.04 (0.9–1.22) | 1.07 (0.88–1.32) | 1.04 (0.88–1.2) | 1.02 (0.89–1.2) | 0.473 |
 LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.69 (2.09–3.21) | 2.66 (2.21–3.12) | 2.59 (2.01–3.13) | 2.55 (2.05–3.06) | 2.56 (1.88–3.15) | 0.813 |
 ALT (IU/L) | 24 (15.5–41) | 23 (16–38.75) | 20 (12–35) | 20 (15–32) | 19 (14–28.75) | 0.028* |
 AST (IU/L) | 19 (15.5–26) | 20 (16–27) | 19 (16–26.75) | 20 (15–25) | 19 (16–24) | 0.727 |
 GGT IU/L) | 27 (19–47) | 25 (18–43.25) | 24 (17–44) | 25 (17–37.25) | 26 (18–37.5) | 0.824 |
 BCr (μmol/L) | 58 (46.75–65.8) | 59.6 (48.28–69.33) | 62.05 (52.6–78.08) | 63.1 (52.6–78.4) | 77.8 (60.8–119) | < 0.001*** |
 BUA (μmol/L) | 348 (274.5–395.5) | 309 (257–379) | 325 (275–386.8) | 328 (281–382.5) | 383 (315.5–443) | <  0.001*** |
 BUN (mmol/L) | 4.74 (4.12–6.07) | 4.9 (3.83–6.37) | 5.07 (4.09–6.37) | 5.5 (4.44–7.26) | 7.22 (5.36–9.63) | 0.382 |
 Cys-C (μmol/L) | 0.74 (0.64–0.86) | 0.8 (0.68–0.96) | 0.96 (0.78–1.21) | 0.94 (0.79–1.22) | 1.22 (0.91–1.78) | 0.025* |
 eGFR (mL/min) | 129.9 (106.2–156.1) | 112.4 (96.44–132.3) | 98.28 (81.16–111) | 96.82 (77.52–107.7) | 78.95 (46.97–99.03) | <  0.001*** |
 HCY (μmol/L) | 9.22 (6.35–11.8) | 9.25 (7.67–12.31) | 9.54 (7.91–12.89) | 10.24 (8.37–13.49) | 12.3 (9.97–16.51) | 0.585 |
Hypertension (n) | 15 (20.27%) | 31 (23.13%) | 75 (37.31%) | 130 (47.27%) | 97 (68.31%) | < 0.001*** |
Fatty liver (n) | 44 (59.46%) | 36 (53%) | 24 (63%) | 31 (71%) | 10 (38%) | < 0.001*** |