Table 1 Baseline participants’ characteristics in case and control group

Age (years)

42.3 ± 11.9

43.5 ± 14.5

0.214

Male (%)

51.5

41.0

0.007

Body mass index (kg/m²)

35.7 ± 10.6

27.7 ± 4.5

< 0.001

Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl)

108.5 ± 37.6

90.2 ± 29.4

< 0.001

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

176.0 ± 117.9

132.0 ± 81.8

< 0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

185.7 ± 52.8

177.5 ± 38.9

0.118

High Density Lipoprotein–Cholesterol (mg/dl)

41.9 ± 16.1

47.7 ± 10.5

0.001

Low Density Lipoprotein–Cholesterol(mg/dl)

120.9 ± 41.6

104.0 ± 31.9

< 0.001

Physical activity (MET(hour/week))

31.0 ± 3.2

34.2 ± 3.1

< 0.001

Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)

55.71 ± 8.27

20.49 ± 7.59

< 0.001

Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)

33.86 ± 23.69

22.14 ± 7.72

< 0.001

Current alcohol usage (%)

12.8

9.1

0.07

Current smoking (%)

89.7

18.8

< 0.001

Diabetes (%)

16.6

6.8

< 0.001

Energy (Kcal/d)

2757 ± 961.1

2804 ± 840.7

0.499

Protein (% of energy)

15.8 ± 2.9

14.1 ± 2.3

< 0.001

Carbohydrate (% of energy)

58.2 ± 6.3

59.8 ± 13.3

0.014

Fat (% of energy)

29.2 ± 5.3

33.8 ± 5.7

< 0.001

Total dietary fiber (g/d)

46.29 ± 19.07

55.69 ± 46.11

0.08

Magnesium (mg/d)

484 ± 155

509 ± 173

0.09

Calcium (mg/d)

1389 ± 458

1114 ± 390

< 0.001

Calcium to Magnesium ratio

2.79 ± 0.68

2.34 ± 0.57

< 0.001