A dietary pattern rich in fruits and dairy products is inversely associated to gestational diabetes: a case-control study in Iran

Table 4 The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of gestational diabetes mellitus based on quartile of dietary pattern score

Dietary pattern			Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
Dietary pattern		N	OR	CI	P-trend^*	OR	CI	P-trend^*	OR	CI	P-trend^*
Fruits and dairy products	Q1	175	1	-	0.003	1	-	0.004	1	-	0.019
	Q2	176	0.623	0.383-1.013		0.668	0.399-1.120		0.575	0.327-1.011
	Q3	176	0.507	0.308-0.833		0.511	0.303-0.862		0.472	0.267-0.835
	Q4	172	0.478	0.29-0.785		0.488	0.289-0.825		0.500	0.284-0.882
Red meat and plant-based foods	Q1	177	1	-	0.634	1	-	0.798	1	-	0.950
	Q2	169	0.964	0.591-1.571		0.869	0.519-1.455		0.901	0.512-1.585
	Q3	173	0.827	0.508-1.346		0.754	0.451-1.263		0.659	0.373-1.163
	Q4	174	0.742	0.456-1.209		0.712	0.422-1.200		0.660	0.372-1.173
Snacks and high-fat foods	Q1	175	1	-	0.068	1	-	0.750	1	-	0.672
	Q2	184	1.794	1.108-2.905		1.889	1.139-3.135		1.709	0.988-2.957
	Q3	162	1.203	0.728-1.988		1.325	0.777-2.262		1.153	0.642-2.068
	Q4	172	0.800	0.484-1.321		1.082	0.617-1.897		0.931	0.498-1.741
Carbohydrate-rich foods	Q1	168	1	-	0.569	1	-	0.592	1	-	0.559
	Q2	186	0.960	0.588-1.567		0.997	0.592-1.679		1.065	0.606-1.872
	Q3	167	1.408	0.852-2.329		1.542	0.905-2.629		1.743	0.970-3.130
	Q4	172	1.387	0.843-2.283		1.982	1.129-3.481		1.795	0.984-3.277

Model 1: crude model; Model 2: adjusted for age, the body mass index of pre-pregnancy, weight gain during pregnancy, and total energy intake; Model 3: additionally adjusted for socioeconomic status, level of education, physical activity and number of pregnancies
OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
^*The logistic regression model, the lowest quartile as reference

ISSN: 1472-6823