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Table 4 Characteristics associated with attendance to the emergency department for acute hypoglycemia, and with hospitalization after the attendance, in patients with diabetes

From: Emergency attendance for acute hyper- and hypoglycaemia in the adult diabetic population of the metropolitan area of Milan: quantifying the phenomenon and studying its predictors

Characteristic

Model for risk of ED attendance for acute hypoglycemiaa

Model for risk of hospitalization after an ED attendanceb

Negative binomial component

Zero inflate component

IRR

95%CI

P value

OR

95%CI

P value

IRR

95%CI

P value

Gender

Female vs. male

0.96

0.82

1.11

0.561

0.81

0.61

1.06

0.121

0.98

0.80

1.19

0.811

Age class (years)

ref., 55–64

            

≤ 44 years

1.93

1.21

3.08

0.006

2.21

1.14

4.27

0.018

0.65

0.30

1.40

0.272

45–54

2.21

1.41

3.46

0.001

2.26

1.24

4.13

0.008

0.77

0.38

1.53

0.448

65–74

0.70

0.49

1.01

0.054

0.43

0.25

0.74

0.002

1.51

0.96

2.37

0.075

≥ 75

0.77

0.55

1.09

0.145

0.10

0.06

0.16

< 0.001

1.66

1.10

2.52

0.017

Deprivation index

ref., I-II

            

III

1.01

0.82

1.25

0.899

0.93

0.64

1.35

0.695

0.98

0.73

1.31

0.867

IV-V

1.11

0.93

1.34

0.241

0.86

0.62

1.20

0.389

1.04

0.81

1.34

0.734

Chronic renal failure

Yes vs. no

1.11

0.92

1.33

0.268

0.37

0.22

0.63

< 0.001

1.42

1.10

1.84

0.008

Peripheral neuropathy

Yes vs. no

0.91

0.77

1.08

0.288

0.67

0.47

0.96

0.030

0.86

0.67

1.11

0.249

Hypoglycemia treatment

ref., Other non-insulin anti-DM drugs only

            

Insulin alone

1.44

0.76

2.74

0.264

0.01

0.00

0.02

< 0.001

0.45

0.30

0.68

< 0.001

Insulin and non-insulin anti-DM drugs

1.60

0.84

3.05

0.154

0.02

0.01

0.04

< 0.001

0.58

0.38

0.90

0.014

Anti-DM drugs at risk of hypoglycemia

0.71

0.37

1.36

0.305

0.09

0.04

0.19

< 0.001

0.86

0.59

1.27

0.460

Adequate number of glucose test strips

No vs. yes

1.05

0.90

1.23

0.529

1.30

0.98

1.74

0.071

1.28

1.03

1.59

0.023

ED attenance for hypoglycemia in 2014

Yes vs. no

5.34

3.93

7.26

< 0.001

0.20

0.07

0.53

0.001

1.00

0.55

1.84

0.990

Duration of insulin treatment

Less than vs. equal or more than 5 years

0.62

0.52

0.74

< 0.001

1.82

1.25

2.65

0.002

1.24

0.93

1.64

0.143

  1. azero-inflated negative binomial multivariable regression model; bPoisson multivariable regression model;IRR Incidence rate ratio, OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval
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