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Table 2 Characteristics of the subjects experiencing at least one attendance to the emergency department for hypoglycemia and for hyperglycemia

From: Emergency attendance for acute hyper- and hypoglycaemia in the adult diabetic population of the metropolitan area of Milan: quantifying the phenomenon and studying its predictors

Characteristic

Hypoglycemia

N of pts. = 2137

Hyperglycemiaa

N of pts. = 633

N (%)

% of total

P valueb

N (%)

% of total

P valueb

Gender

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

 Female

1018 (47.6)

1.4

 

332 (52.4)

0.5

 

 Male

1119 (52.4)

1.2

 

301 (47.6)

0.3

 

Age class (years)

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

  ≤ 44 years

148 (6.9)

1.7

 

89 (14.1)

1.0

 

 45–54

147 (6.9)

0.9

 

77 (12.2)

0.5

 

 55–64

214 (10.0)

0.7

 

95 (15.0)

0.3

 

 65–74

427 (20.0)

0.8

 

125 (19.7)

0.2

 

  ≥ 75

1201 (56.2)

2.0

 

247 (39.0)

0.4

 

Deprivation index

  

0.014

  

0.035

 I-II

472 (22.1)

1.2

 

140 (22.1)

0.4

 

 III

525 (24.6)

1.2

 

144 (22.7)

0.3

 

 IV-V

1140 (53.3)

1.3

 

349 (55.1)

0.4

 

Number of comorbidities

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

 None

195 (9.1)

0.9

 

87 (13.7)

0.4

 

 One

250 (11.7)

0.7

 

92 (14.5)

0.2

 

 Two or more

1692 (79.2)

1.6

 

454 (71.7)

0.4

 

Chronic renal failure

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

 No

1814 (84.9)

1.1

 

546 (86.3)

0.3

 

 Yes

323 (15.1)

3.4

 

87 (13.7)

0.9

 

Peripheral neuropathy

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

 No

1651 (77.3)

1.2

 

459 (72.5)

0.3

 

 Yes

486 (22.7)

1.8

 

174 (27.5)

0.6

 

Hypoglycemia treatment

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

 Insulin alone

891 (41.7)

4.1

 

232 (36.7)

1.1

 

 Insulin and non-insulin anti-DM drugs

607 (28.4)

2.7

 

211 (33.3)

1.0

 

 Anti-DM drugs at risk of hypoglycemia

523 (24.5)

1.0

 

116 (18.3)

0.2

 

 Other non-insulin anti-DM drugs only

116 (5.4)

0.2

 

74 (11.7)

0.1

 

Duration of insulin treatment

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

 Less than 5 years

572 (26.8)

2.3

 

239 (37.8)

1.0

 

 5 years or more

926 (43.3)

4.8

 

204 (32.2)

1.1

 

 No insulin treatment

639 (29.9)

0.5

 

190 (30.0)

0.2

 

ED attendance for hypoglycemia in 2014

  

< 0.001

   

 No

2056 (96.2)

1.2

    

 Yes

81 (3.8)

17.3

    

ED attendance for hyperglycemia in 2014

     

< 0.001

 No

   

617 (97.5)

0.4

 

 Yes

   

16 (2.5)

6.6

 

Glycated hemoglobin test

  

0.65

  

< 0.001

 No

842 (39.4)

1.3

 

303 (47.9)

0.5

 

 Yes

1295 (60.6)

1.3

 

330 (52.1)

0.3

 

Adequate number of glucose test strips

  

< 0.001

  

0.79

 No

1026 (48.0)

1.1

 

366 (57.8)

0.4

 

 Yes

1111 (52.0)

1.5

 

267 (42.2)

0.4

 
  1. aexcluding events leading to DM diagnosis;b χ2 test; DM, diabetes mellitus; ED, emergency department
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