Table 1 Comparison of clinical parameters among people with normal glucose tolerance and prediabetes [±s, n (%)]

Sex (male/female)

62 (32/30)

46 (26/20)

220 (98/122)

248 (156/92) f

Age (year)

51.1 ± 11.1

54.4 ± 13.2 a

50.2 ± 10.9 c

56.3 ± 12.3 ae

BMI (kg/m²)

23.1 ± 2.8

23.8 ± 3.1

23.7 ± 3.4

24.9 ± 3.3 bce

WHR

0.86 ± 0.04

0.87 ± 0.05

0.88 ± 0.07

0.91 ± 0.08 ace

SBP (mm Hg)

121 ± 10

124 ± 14

124 ± 13

122 ± 14

DBP (mm Hg)

75 ± 13

77 ± 12

76 ± 12

78 ± 10

FPG (mmol/L)

4.8 ± 0.6

4.9 ± 0.5

5.8 ± 0.5 ad

5.9 ± 0.4 ad

2hPG (mmol/L)

6.7 ± 0.8

6.8 ± 0.9

8.9 ± 1.1 bd

9.9 ± 1.0 bde

TG (mmol/L)

1.32 ± 0.81

1.56 ± 0.83

1.54 ± 0.91

1.69 ± 0.82 ace

TCH (mmol/L)

4.32 ± 0.75

4.65 ± 0.72

4.98 ± 0.89

5.27 ± 0.68

FINS (mIU/L)

9.31 ± 4.22

12.53 ± 5.38

11.52 ± 6.27

14.71 ± 6.75 a

HOMA-IR

1.98 ± 1.47

2.73 ± 1.58

2.96 ± 1.15 a

3.86 ± 1.92 bc

Adiponectin (mg/L)

13.3 ± 3.9

9.8 ± 4.8 a

9.2 ± 4.4 a

5.6 ± 3.7 bcf

Visfatin (mg/L)

5.6 ± 3.8

8.7 ± 4.8 a

10.2 ± 5.3 b

13.9 ± 6.1 bce

Leptin (ng/ml)

16.4 ± 7.2

20.5 ± 8.9

24.1 ± 9.3

28.3 ± 10.2 ac

Resistin (ng/ml)

4.4 ± 0.9

5.5 ± 1.1

6.1 ± 1.4 a

7.9 ± 2.1 bc

Current smoking (%)

19 (30.6)

16 (34.8)

51 (23.2)

95 (38.3) f

Regular alcohol drinking (%)

18 (29.0)

16 (34.9)

50 (22.7)

97 (39.1) f

Regular exercise (%)

20 (32.3)

13 (28.3)

64 (29.1)

53 (21.4)

Regular vegetables consumption (%)

24 (38.7)

12 (26.1)

68 (30.9)

69 (27.8)

Family history of colon cancer (%)

2 (3.2)

6 (8.7) a

13 (5.9)

25 (10.1) be