Table 3 Results of the multivariate generalized estimating equation analysis regarding association between different factors with HRQOL dimensions
Characteristics | SF12-PCS | SF12-MCS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
βa (SE) | 95% CI | P value | βa (SE) | 95% CI | P value | |
Diabetic | −3.50 (0.53) | −4.55, − 2.45 | 0.000 | −1.55 (0.57) | −2.67, − 0.42 | 0.007 |
Age | −0.09 (0.02) | − 0.14, − 0.05 | 0.000 | 0.27 (0.02) | 0.22, 0.31 | 0.000 |
Sex (ref: female) | −0.54 (0.35) | −1.24, 0.15 | 0.130 | −0.94 (0.38) | −1.69, − 0.19 | 0.014 |
Education (ref: No Secondary) | ||||||
Secondary | 0.24 (0.46) | −0.66, 1.16 | 0.594 | −0.86 (0.50) | −1.83, 0.12 | 0.087 |
Post- secondary/tertiary | 0.92 (0.41) | 0.11, 1.72 | 0.025 | −0.17 (0.44) | −1.04, 0.68 | 0.684 |
Marital status (ref: Married/Partner) | ||||||
Divorced/separated/single | 0.07 (0.35) | − 062, 0.77 | 0.832 | − 1.32 (0.39) | −2.09, − 0.55 | 0.001 |
Widowed | −0.47 (0.42) | − 1.30, 0.35 | 0.266 | −1.33 (0.47) | −2.25, − 0.41 | 0.005 |
Annual Personal Income (0–25,000) | ||||||
25,001–50,000 | 2.52 (0.39) | 1.75, 3.29 | 0.000 | 2.15 (0.42) | 1.33, 2.98 | 0.000 |
50,001–70,000 | 3.71 (0.53) | 2.66, 4.75 | 0.000 | 2.80 (0.56) | 1.68, 3.92 | 0.000 |
> 70,000 | 4.10 (0.58) | 2.96, 5.25 | 0.000 | 2.77 (0.62) | 1.54, 3.99 | 0.000 |
Ethnicity (ref: European) | ||||||
Māori | 0.29 (0.35) | −0.39, 0.98 | 0.397 | 0.01 (0.37) | 0.72, 0.75 | 0.064 |
Current Smoker (ref: Non-smokers) | −0.76 (0.40) | −1.55, 0.02 | 0.059 | −1.73 (0.44) | −2.61, −0.86 | 0.000 |
Regular Alcohol Consumptionb (ref: < 2 per weeks) | 0.79 (0.21) | 0.37, 1.22 | 0.000 | 0.82 (0.24) | 0.35, 1.29 | 0.001 |
BMI (ref: < 25) | ||||||
25–29.9 | −0.65 (0.39) | −1.43, 0.12 | 0.098 | −0.24 (0.42) | −0.59, 1.07 | 0.572 |
≥ 30 | −3.66 (0.44) | −4.53, −2.79 | 0.000 | −0.90 (0.47) | −1.83, 0.02 | 0.056 |
Physical Activity (ref: No) | ||||||
Once a week | 2.54 (0.31) | 1.93, 3.16 | 0.000 | 1.20 (0.35) | 0.50, 1.89 | 0.001 |
≥ 2 times per week c | 3.16 (0.26) | 2.65, 3.68 | 0.000 | 2.23 (0.29) | 1.65, 2.80 | 0.000 |
Medical conditionsd (ref: No) | ||||||
1 | −2.98 (0.32) | −3.61, − 2.35 | 0.000 | −1.52 (0.35) | − 2.22, −0.83 | 0.000 |
2 | −5.53 (0.36) | −6.26, −4.81 | 0.000 | −3.92 (0.40) | −4.71, − 3.13 | 0.000 |
Hypertension (ref: no) | −1.17 (0.28) | −1.72, −0.62 | 0.000 | −0.83 (0.30) | − 1.43, − 0.23 | 0.007 |
Sight problem (ref: no) | − 1.33 (0.31) | −1.95, − 0.70 | 0.000 | −1.18 (0.35) | − 1.87, − 0.48 | 0.001 |
Hearing problem (ref: no) | − 0.48 (0.31) | −1.10, 0.12 | 0.121 | −0.69 (0.34) | −1.36, − 0.02 | 0.042 |
Sleep problem (ref: no) | −2.17 (0.38) | − 2.93, − 1.41 | 0.000 | −2.80 (0.42) | −3.64, − 1.96 | 0.000 |