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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes at a specialised Diabetes clinic in Gaborone (N = 477)

From: Statin prescription among patients with type 2 diabetes in Botswana: findings and implications

Characteristics

All (N = 477)

Males (n = 160)

Females (n = 317)

Age, mean(SD), years

60.3(10.8)

56.8(11.5)

62.0(10.1)

Age > 40 years n(%)

461(96.7)

150(93.8)

311(98.1)

Diabetes duration, median, IQR, years

7(3–13)

8.9(3–14)

7 (3–13)

Diabetes duration > 10 years n(%)

164 (34.4)

63(39.4)

101(31.9)

BMI, mean (SD) kg/m2

30.7(6.0)

29.0(5.2)

31.6(6.1)

 Normal weight n(%)

85(17.8)

39(24.4)

46(14.5)

 Overweight n(%)

146(30.6)

59(36.7)

87(27.4)

 Obese n(%)

246(51.6)

62(38.8)

184(58.0)

Marital status

 Living alone n(%)

247(51.8)

47(29.4)

200(63.1)

 Living with a partner n(%)

230(48.2)

113(70.6)

117(36.9)

Education status

  ≤ Primary education, n(%)

306(64.1)

82(51.3)

224(70.7)

  ≥ Secondary or tertiary, n(%)

171(35.9)

78(48.7)

93(29.3)

WHR, mean (SD)

0.94(0.10)

0.97(0.08)

0.93(0.09)

 Low WHR n (%)

79(16.6)

67(41.9)

12(3.8)

 High WHR n (%)

398(83.4)

93(58.1)

305(96.2)

Hypertension n (%)

404(84.7)

120(75.0)

284(89.6)

Use of antihypertensive n (%)

389(81.6)

110(68.8)

279(88.0)

Smoking n (%)

16(3.4)

12(7.5)

4(1.3)

Lipid-lowering medications n (%)

224(47.0)

70(43.8)

154(48.6)

 Statins n (%)

217(45.5)

68(42.5)

149(47.0)

 Others n (%)

7(1.5)

2(1.6)

5(1.6)

CVD n (%)

42(8.8)

15(9.4)

27(8.5)

 PAD n (%)

11(2.3)

3(1.9)

8(2.5)

 Coronary artery disease n (%)

12(2.5)

5(3.3)

7(2.2)

 Cerebrovascular disease n (%)

22(4.6)

8(5.0)

14(4.4)

CKD n (%)

54(11.3)

24(15.0)

30(9.5)

Proteinuria n (%)

51(10.7)

27(16.9)

24(7.6)

HbA1c mean (SD), %

8.4(2.4)

8.5(2.6)

8.3(2.3)

Baseline LDL-C, mean (SD), mmol/L

3.1(1.2)

2.8(1.1)

3.3(1.2)

 Normal

315(66.0)

113(70.6)

202(63.7)

 High

59(12.4)

9(5.6)

50(15.8)

 Missing

103(21.6)

38(23.8)

65(20.5)

  1. Legend: BMI Body Mass Index, CKD chronic kidney disease, CVD cardiovascular disease, HbA1c Haemoglobin A1c, IQR interquartile range, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, PAD peripheral artery disease, SD standard deviation, WHR waist-hip ratio