Table 3 Distribution of clinical characteristics among survey participants with diabetes attending five district hospitals in Rwanda from 2015 to 2016 by rural/urban residence
Variables | Rural | Urban | D (95% CI) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | |||
Type of diabetes | ||||||
Type 1 | 185 | 58.7 | 39 | 24.8 | 33.9 (24.7–41.9) | < 0.001 |
Type 2 | 104 | 33.0 | 106 | 67.5 | 34.5 (25.1–42.9) | < 0.001 |
Unclassified | 26 | 8.3 | 12 | 7.6 | 0.7 (5.1–5.5) | 0.792 |
Reported history of childhood malnutrition | 71 | 22.5 | 10 | 6.4 | 16.1 (9.5–21.8) | < 0.001 |
Age range | ||||||
≤ 30 years | 171 | 54.3 | 37 | 23.6 | 30.7 (21.6–38.7) | < 0.001 |
> 30 years | 144 | 45.7 | 120 | 76.4 | ||
Diabetes duration | ||||||
< 12 months | 32 | 10.2 | 15 | 9.6 | 0.6 (−5.7–5.9) | 0.838 |
12–60 months | 176 | 55.9 | 62 | 39.4 | 16.5 (6.9–25.5) | < 0.001 |
> 60 months | 107 | 34.0 | 80 | 51.0 | 17 (7.5–26.2) | < 0.001 |
Blood glucose at diagnosis | ||||||
< 250 mg/dl | 23 | 7.3 | 30 | 19.1 | 11.8 (5.4–19.0) | < 0.001 |
250–400 mg/dl | 69 | 21.9 | 50 | 31.8 | 9.9 (1.5–18.6) | 0.019 |
> 400 mg/dl | 180 | 57.1 | 60 | 38.2 | 18.9 (9.3–27.8) | < 0.001 |
Unknown | 43 | 13.7 | 17 | 10.8 | 2.9 (−3.8–8.6) | 0.373 |
Blood glucose of participant at the time of study recruitment | ||||||
< 250 mg/dl | 248 | 78.7 | 139 | 88.5 | 9.8 (2.5–16.1) | 0.009 |
250–400 mg/dl | 47 | 14.9 | 13 | 8.3 | 6.6 (0.2–12.1) | 0.043 |
> 400 mg/dl | 20 | 6.4 | 5 | 3.2 | 3.2 (−1.4–6.9) | 0.145 |
Number of participants with Comatose state at diagnosis | 82 | 26.0 | 16 | 10.2 | 15.8 (8.5–22.2) | < 0.001 |
Number of individuals requiring Insulin at diagnosis | 214 | 67.9 | 63 | 40.1 | 27.9 (18.4–36.7) | < 0.001 |
Number of individuals on Insulin treatment at the time of participants recruitment | 203 | 64.4 | 54 | 34.4 | 30 (20.5–38.6) | < 0.001 |