Fig. 5

Metabolite profiling diagrams. a Metabolite profiling diagrams for metabolites in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. b Metabolite profiling diagrams for metabolites in pre-diabetic patients. Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine; L-GPC, linoleoyl-glycerophospho-choline; α-HIB, α-hydroxyisobutyric acid; β-HB, β-hydroxybutyric acid; 4-MOP, 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid; 3-MOP, 3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid; 3-MOB, 3-methyl-2-oxobutyric acid; α-KB, ketobutyric acid; β-HIB, β-hydroxyisobutyric acid