Fig. 4

Positive and negative relationship between pancreatic hormones, and cytokine levels and BMI indices in T2DM individuals. The relationship between the (a) Plasma levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), random blood glucose (RBG), insulin and glucagon and BMI indices were examined in all LTBI (n = 88) participants. b Plasma levels of Type 1 (IFNγ, TNFα and IL-2), Type 17 (IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-22), Type 2 (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13), regulatory (IL-10 and TGF-β) cytokines and pro-inflammatory (G-CSF, GM-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-1β, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-12p70 and IL-1β) cytokines and BMI indices were examined in all LTBI (n = 88) participants. The data are represented correlation rank matrices with r values being denoted by horizontal bars. p and r values were calculated using the Spearman rank correlation test at 95% confidence intervals using JMP software