Fig. 1

Experimental design flowchart. C57BL/6 J mice were induced DM using repeated injections of low-dose streptozotocin at 5 weeks old. For non-diabetic, mice were administered only a vehicle at the age of 5 weeks. Diabetic mice (n = 68) and non-diabetic mice (n = 22) were fed for 8 weeks and were measured blood glucose levels in tail vein blood every 2 weeks. Diabetic mice were divided at 14 weeks of age into three groups: No insulin (DM) (n = 23), Short-term insulin (DM) (n = 24) and Long-term insulin (DM) (n = 21) groups. In the No insulin (DM) group, no insulin was administered preoperatively. In the Short-term insulin (DM) and Long-term insulin (DM) groups, neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH) insulin was injected subcutaneously. In the Short-term insulin (DM) group, insulin was injected at 6 h before the operation, and in the Long-term insulin (DM) group, insulin was injected every 12 h for 5 days before the operation. The four groups were performed intestinal manipulation at 14 weeks of age under general anesthesia. Neutrophil functions were examined before and 24 h after the operation by neutrophil phagocytosis assay and neutrophil ROS production assay