Effect of metformin in addition to an antenatal diet and lifestyle intervention on fetal growth and adiposity: the GRoW randomised trial

Table 3 Effect of adjuvant metformin treatment on ultrasound fetal adiposity measures over pregnancy

Outcome	Time point	Metformin group Mean (SD)	Control group Mean (SD)	Unadjusted treatment effect (95% CI)	Unadjusted P-value	Adjusted treatment effect (95% CI)	Adjusted P-value
Mid-thigh fat mass (cm²)					0.845*		0.843*
	28 weeks	4.24 (1.03)	4.21 (1.09)	0.04 (−0.27, 0.35)	0.805	0.02 (− 0.29, 0.33)	0.902
	36 weeks	9.87 (2.79)	9.95 (2.47)	−0.05 (− 0.95, 0.84)	0.908	− 0.07 (− 0.94, 0.80)	0.870
Abdominal fat mass (mm)					0.144*		0.199*
	28 weeks	3.60 (1.17)	3.60 (1.08)	0.01 (−0.31, 0.34)	0.935	0.06 (−0.27, 0.39)	0.718
	36 weeks	6.42 (1.41)	5.98 (1.51)	0.42 (−0.05, 0.88)	0.077	0.42 (−0.05, 0.89)	0.079
Subscapular fat mass (mm)					0.919*		0.655*
	28 weeks	3.22 (0.80)	3.20 (0.88)	0.02 (−0.21, 0.25)	0.863	0.03 (−0.19, 0.25)	0.760
	36 weeks	4.84 (1.44)	4.85 (1.48)	−0.00 (− 0.42, 0.41)	0.985	− 0.07 (− 0.48, 0.34)	0.740

*denotes p value for test of interaction between treatment and time, i.e. whether treatment effect varies over time

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