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Table 2 Effect of adjuvant metformin on ultrasound measures of fetal biometry over pregnancy

From: Effect of metformin in addition to an antenatal diet and lifestyle intervention on fetal growth and adiposity: the GRoW randomised trial

Outcome

Time point

Metformin group

Mean (SD)

Control group

Mean (SD)

Unadjusted treatment effect (95% CI)

Unadjusted P-value

Adjusted treatment effect (95% CI)

Adjusted P-value

Biparietal diameter (cm)

    

0.138*

 

0.102*

 

20 weeks

4.66 (0.34)

4.69 (0.35)

 

0.328

 

0.232

 

28 weeks

7.13 (0.50)

7.15 (0.41)

−0.02 (− 0.10, 0.06)

0.645

− 0.02 (− 0.10, 0.07)

0.671

 

36 weeks

8.94 (0.42)

8.88 (0.39)

0.06 (−0.01, 0.14)

0.110

0.07 (− 0.01, 0.14)

0.076

Head circumference (cm)

    

0.299*

 

0.200*

 

20 weeks

17.38 (1.20)

17.45 (1.36)

−0.07 (−0.29, 0.16)

0.551

−0.09 (− 0.31, 0.13)

0.431

 

28 weeks

26.46 (1.55)

26.43 (1.26)

0.04 (−0.22, 0.30)

0.744

0.05 (−0.22, 0.31)

0.727

 

36 weeks

32.36 (1.23)

32.20 (1.21)

0.17 (−0.05, 0.40)

0.134

0.19 (−0.04, 0.42)

0.100

Femur length (cm)

    

0.018*

 

0.012*

 

20 weeks

3.26 (0.30)

3.28 (0.30)

−0.03 (−0.08, 0.02)

0.267

−0.04 (− 0.09, 0.01)

0.127

 

28 weeks

5.29 (0.37)

5.29 (0.30)

0.01 (−0.06, 0.07)

0.841

0.00 (−0.06, 0.07)

0.909

 

36 weeks

6.92 (0.32)

6.85 (0.33)

0.08 (0.01, 0.14)

0.015

0.07 (0.01, 0.14)

0.019

Abdominal circumference (cm)

    

0.992*

 

0.959

 

20 weeks

15.56 (1.37)

15.65 (1.29)

−0.09 (−0.32, 0.14)

0.457

−0.10 (− 0.32, 0.12)

0.368

 

28 weeks

24.62 (1.75)

24.70 (1.56)

−0.07 (− 0.37, 0.24)

0.669

− 0.05 (− 0.36, 0.26)

0.747

 

36 weeks

32.82 (1.87)

32.92 (1.99)

−0.07 (− 0.43, 0.29)

0.690

− 0.07 (− 0.43, 0.29)

0.707

Estimated fetal weight (g)

    

0.720*

 

0.756*

 

28 weeks

1272.36 (248.33)

1268.81 (201.23)

5.05 (−36.72, 46.82)

0.813

5.40 (−36.93, 47.74)

0.803

 

36 weeks

2932.32 (399.97)

2914.27 (417.68)

18.98 (−56.99, 94.95)

0.624

17.61 (−57.67, 92.88)

0.647

  1. *denotes p value for test of interaction between treatment and time, i.e. whether treatment effect varies over time
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