Table 1 Comparison between group 0 (low risk) and groups 2–3 (high and very high risk)
Variablesa | Grade 0 | Grade 2 and 3 | P |
|---|---|---|---|
160 cases | 47 cases | ||
Age (years) | 53.50 +/− 14.36 | 58.04 +/− 9.88 | 0.044 |
Sex | Male: 86 (53.75%) | Male: 18 (38.29%) | 0.045 |
Female: 74 (46.25%) | Female: 29 (61.70%) | ||
Scholar level | Illetrate-Primary: 116 (72.5%) | Illetrate-Primary: 43 (91.5%) | 0.008 |
Secondary-University: 44 (27.5%) | Secondary-University: 4 (8.5%) | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.87 +/− 5.32 | 31.85 +/−  6.098 | 0.031 |
Waist circumferance | Normal: 55 (35.94%) | Normal: 8 (17.02%) | 0.018 |
Elevated: 98 (64.05%) | Elevated: 36 (76.59%) | ||
Diabetes duration (years) | 8.45 +/− 6.46 | 11.96 +/− 7.19 | 0.002 |
Retinopathy | Present 43 (31.38%) | Present 26 (57.5%) | 0.002 |
Absent 94 (68.61%) | Absent 20 (42.55%) | ||
Hyperkeratosis | Present 47 (29.37%) | Present 25 (53.19%) | 0.003 |
Absent 113 (70.62%) | Absent 22 (46.80%) |