Table 1 The characteristics of diabetic patients

Number

204

10

12

61

10

8

Age (yr)

21.67±14.92

28.50±28.66

33.50±17.06*

0.017

52.46±10.48

58.90±14.14

57.00±9.26

0.156

Gender (male/female)

100/104

3/7

5/7

0.456

35/26

7/3

4/4

0.667

Duration of diabetes (yr)

5.13±5.05

7.27±7.59

11.03±5.12*

<0.001

5.42±5.45

10.40±5.99*

12.56±6.54*

0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

18.95±3.20

19.00±2.73

21.01±2.31*

0.110

21.59±2.79

22.86±3.62

21.96±2.42

0.429

Smoker (%)

35.3

40.0

41.7

0.870

24.6

50.0

37.5

0.231

WHR

0.84±0.07

0.83±0.08

0.87±0.07

0.296

0.89±0.06

0.91±0.05

0.88±0.06

0.530

SBP (mmHg)

112.94±15.53

114.20±20.91

139.42±34.21*∆

<0.001

122.72±17.23

133.90±22.83

137.75±24.26*

0.039

DBP (mmHg)

70.56±12.69

75.00±16.21

81.67±16.46*

0.012

77.00±9.82

79.90±15.50

85.13±10.74

0.121

HbA1c (%)

8.37±2.19

7.63±1.85

7.48±1.40

0.228

9.45±2.35

9.69±2.53

9.89±2.17

0.864

FBG (mmol/l)

9.17±4.56

7.60±3.08

10.63±4.78

0.315

8.31±4.31

8.07±3.55

6.56±3.73

0.579

PBG (mmol/l)

16.01±7.17

14.88±6.84

13.27±6.56

0.409

13.50±6.18

12.66±4.92

11.81±5.81

0.746

FCP (pmol/l)a

25.05 (5.50, 89.58)

10.05 (5.50,44.18)

5.50 (5.50,157.50)

0.405

90.00 (30.85,163.75)

136.75 (37.53,224.88)

70.55 (9.48, 188.48)

0.771

PCP (pmol/l) a

41.00 (5.70,215.08)

30.60 (5.85,86.50)

17.1 (5.50,126.30)

0.512

179.90 (56.50,312.78)

251.65 (76.80,593.80)

202.30 (13.80,255.23)

0.778

TG (mmol/l) a

0.74 (0.58,1.11)

0.86 (0.49,1.23)

0.84 (0.65,1.25)

0.422

0.93 (0.68, 1.17)

1.31 (0.86, 1.70)

1.30 (0.91, 1.54)

0.068

TC (mmol/l)

4.28±0.91

4.15±0.83

4.63±1.26

0.416

4.19±0.72

4.07±0.82

3.94±0.98

0.680

LDL-c (mmol/l)

2.42±0.78

2.24±0.83

2.72±1.04

0.354

2.43±0.64

2.38±0.78

2.37±0.94

0.965

HDL-c (mmol/l) a

1.45 (1.20,1.67)

1.55 (1.35,1.75)

1.48 (1.30,1.64)

0.574

1.29 (1.13, 1.59)

1.34 (0.91, 1.42)

1.18 (0.94, 1.45)

0.241

Albumin (g/l))

42.37±4.08

41.72±3.65

36.02±7.87*∆

<0.001

37.44±2.96

36.38±2.91

33.21±3.92*∆

0.003

TBIL (umol/l)

12.26±5.35

11.68±3.62

9.46±4.00

0.194

12.14±4.40

10.78±5.84

7.92±2.74

0.081

DBIL (umol/l)

3.92±1.94

3.87±1.08

3.13±1.66

0.382

3.88±1.44

3.28±1.65

2.64±1.18

0.073

UA (umol/l)

255.92±69.79

289.92±78.39

312.02±95.63*

0.018

230.89±53.26

303.57±63.54*

351.35±92.66*

<0.001

EGFR (ml/(min*1.73m²))a

139.15 (111.45-168.47)

110.36 (72.18-135.87)*

57.24 (50.42-116.46)*

0.001

102.23 (80.56-124.21)

72.70 (47.20-144.44)

59.29 (42.45-96.85)*

0.022

No medication

0

0

0

0

0

0

Oral hypoglycemic agent

0

0

0

4

1

0

Insulin

204

10

12

29

4

4

Oral hypoglycemic agent + insulin

0

0

0

28

5

4