| |
At inclusion
|
After the conservative weight loss intervention
|
After bariatric surgery
|
|---|
|
n
| |
N
| |
n
| |
|---|
|
Sex (%Female)
|
143
|
110 (77%)
| | | | |
|
Age (years)
|
143
|
43.0 (8.7)
| | | | |
|
Current smoker
|
138
|
25 (18%)
| | | | |
|
Weight (kg)
|
140
|
123.5 (18.8)
|
108
|
114.0 (17.8)
|
73
|
87.5 (15.4)
|
|
Body mass index (kg/m2)
|
140
|
42.1 (3.8)
|
107
|
38.7 (3.8)
|
72
|
29.8 (3.8)
|
|
Waist-hip-ratio
|
131
|
0.98 (0.10)
|
8
|
0.98 (0.14)
|
26
|
0.94 (0.09)
|
|
Irritable bowel syndrome (yes/no)
|
133
|
36 (27%)
|
91
|
18 (20%)
|
76
|
20 (26%)
|
|
GSRS-constipation
|
134
|
1.5 (0.8)
|
95
|
1.6 (0.9)
|
73
|
1.8 (0.9)
|
|
GSRS-diarrhoea
|
127
|
1.8 (1.0)
|
89
|
1.5 (0.9)
|
80
|
1.6 (0.9)
|
|
HbA1c (%)
|
143
|
5.9 (1.4)
|
99
|
5.5 (0.9)
|
96
|
5.2 (0.8)
|
|
Plasma glucose (mmol/L)
|
143
|
6.6 (3.1)
|
110
|
5.8 (1.7)
|
96
|
5.4 (1.2)
|
|
S-Zonulin (ng/ml)
|
141
|
63 (32)
|
96
|
43 (7)
|
94
|
29 (18)
|
|
C-reactive protein (mg/L)
|
143
|
6.9 (6.2)
|
110
|
4.4 (3.9)
|
96
|
1.9 (2.5)
|
|
IL-6 (ng/mL)
|
139
|
2.8 (2.9)
| |
NA
|
94
|
2.2 (1.4)
|
|
TNF (ng/mL)
|
140
|
12.1 (41.9)
| |
NA
|
94
|
10.6 (38.1)
|
|
Gamma-GT (U/L)
|
143
|
43 (45)
|
98
|
32 (24)
|
96
|
17 (13)
|
|
Nutritional intake of
|
|
Energy (MJ)
|
96
|
11 (4)
| |
NA
|
71
|
6 (5)
|
|
Proteins (g)
|
96
|
111 (35)
| |
NA
|
71
|
75 (58)
|
|
Fats (g)
|
96
|
99 (46)
| |
NA
|
71
|
58 (49)
|
|
Carbohydrates (g)
|
96
|
275 (125)
| |
NA
|
71
|
158 (110)
|
|
Starch (g)
|
96
|
134 (50)
| |
NA
|
71
|
69 (38)
|
|
Fibre (g)
|
96
|
34 (10)
| |
NA
|
71
|
22 (10)
|
|
Sugar (g)
|
96
|
47 (75)
| |
NA
|
71
|
19 (26)
|
|
Non-nutritive sweeteners (unitsa)
|
96
|
8 (11)
| |
NA
|
71
|
6 (7)
|
|
Dysbiosis Indexb
|
100
|
2.8 (1.3)
| |
NA
|
42
|
4.1 (1.0)
|
- Data are given as mean (standard deviation) or number (percentage)
- S-zonulin Serum-zonulin, GSRS Gastrointestinal symptom rating scale, TNF Tumor necrosis factor, Gamma-GT Gamma-glutamyl transferase, NA Not available
- aOne unit corresponds to 100 ml of beverage with non-nutritive sweeteners
- bThe dysbiosis index range from 1 to 5, values > 2 indicate gut microbial dysbiosis
