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Table 3 Clinical and sociodemographic profile according to the experience of any sleep symptoms

From: Association between sleep disorder and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

 

Any sleep symptoms (−) (n = 115)

Any sleep symptoms (+) (n = 227)

p-value

Age (years)

63.6 (9.61)

63.08 (10.52)

0.66

Male

81.7% (94)

82.8% (188)

0.804

Marital status

  

0.068

 Married/living with partner

80.9 (93)

71.8% (163)

 

 Divorced/separated/widowed

19.1% (22)

28.2% (64)

 

Education

  

0.306

 University degree

42.6% (49)

48.5% (110)

 

 All others

57.4% (66)

51.5% (117)

 

Household income

  

0.018

  < 3,000,000JPY

18.3% (21)

16.3% (37)

 

 3,000,000 to < 5,000,000 JPY

21.7% (25)

31.3% (71)

 

 5,000,000 to < 8,000,000 JPY

24.3% (28)

23.8% (54)

 

 8,000,000 JPY or more

15.7% (18)

20.3% (46)

 

 Decline to answer

20.0% (23)

8.4% (19)

 

Insurance

  

0.813

 National health insurance

59.1% (68)

55.9% (127)

 

 Social insurance

27.8% (32)

32.2% (73)

 

 Late stage elderly insurance

8.7% (10)

8.8% (20)

 

 Other/No insurance

4.3% (5)

3.1% (7)

 

Worker

40.0% (46)

49.3% (112)

0.102

Charlson comorbidity index

0.27 (0.61)

0.55 (1.01)

0.008

Smoking status

  

0.007

 Current smoker

22.6% (26)

28.2% (64)

 

 Former smoker

31.3% (36)

42.7% (97)

 

 Never smoker

46.1% (53)

29.1% (66)

 

Currently exerciser

55.7% (64)

54.6% (124)

0.857

Alcohol drinker

65.2% (75)

71.4% (162)

0.244

BMI category

  

0.131

 Underweight (< 18.5)

6.1% (7)

3.1% (7)

 

 Normal weight (18.5 to < 25)

60.9% (70)

52.4% (119)

 

 Overweight (25 to < 30)

20.9% (24)

30.4% (69)

 

 Obese (≥30)

8.7% (10)

12.3% (28)

 

 Decline to answer

3.5% (4)

1.8% (4)

 

Taking steps to lose weight

28.7% (33)

38.8% (88)

0.066

Duration of T2DM (years)

13.83 (10.63)

13.39 (10.59)

0.721

HbA1c level

  

0.008

 HbA1c < 7

34.8% (40)

38.3% (87)

 

 HbA1c ≥7

34.8% (40)

45.4% (103)

 

 Don’t know/Decline to answer

30.4% (35)

16.3% (37)

 

Use of injectable medications

11.3% (13)

17.6% (40)

0.127

Ever experienced hypoglycemia

  

0.001

 Experienced hypoglycemia

14.8% (17)

34.4% (78)

 

 Not experienced hypoglycemia

74.8% (86)

57.7% (131)

 

 Do not know

10.4% (12)

7.9% (18)

 
  1. Continues variables were expressed as mean (SD) and categorical variables were expressed as % (number). T-test was used for continuous variables, and Chi-square test was used for categorical variables