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Table 1 Sample characteristics (socio-demographic, dietary, lifestyle, anthropometric, and biochemical factors)

From: Evaluation of risk factors for insulin resistance: a cross sectional study among employees at a private university in Lebanon

 

Total (n = 286)

Men (n = 134)

Women (n = 152)

 

Characteristics

n or mean

% or SD

n or mean

% or SD

n or mean

% or SD

P-value

Age (years)

41.2

11.0

43.7

11.8

39.0

9.7

< 0.001

Medical morbidity

 - No

187

65.4

83

61.9

104

68.4

0.250

 - Yes

99

34.6

51

38.1

48

31.6

 

Smoking

 - No

182

63.6

73

54.5

109

71.7

0.003

 - Yes

104

36.4

61

45.5

43

28.3

 

Alcohol drinking

       

 - No

215

75.2

89

66.4

126

82.9

< 0.001

 - Yes

71

24.8

45

33.6

26

17.1

 

PA1 level

 - Low

183

64.0

82

61.2

101

66.4

0.356

 - Moderate/High

103

36.0

52

38.8

51

33.6

 

Marital status

 - Single/ Separated/ Divorced

105

36.7

45

33.6

60

39.5

0.302

 - Married

181

63.3

89

66.4

92

60.5

 

Education level

 - High school

57

19.9

37

27.6a

20

13.2a

0.003

 - Bachelor degree

76

26.6

27

20.1a

49

32.2a

 

 - Graduate

153

53.5

70

52.2

83

54.6

 

Income ($)

 - < 2250

85

29.7

44

32.8

41

27.0

0.109

 - 2250–4000

81

28.3

30

22.4

51

33.6

 

 - > 4000

120

42.0

60

44.8

60

39.5

 

BMI2

 - Underweight

2

0.7

0

0.0

2

1.3

< 0.001

 - Normal

112

39.2

25

18.7a

87

57.2a

 

 - Overweight

107

37.4

69

51.5a

38

25.0a

 

 - Obese

65

22.7

40

29.9a

25

16.4a

 

PBF3

30.6

8.0

27.1

6.7

33.7

7.7

< 0.001

Waist circumference risky4

 - No

152

53.1

74

55.2

78

51.3

0.509

 - Yes

134

46.9

60

44.8

74

48.7

 

Calories (Cal)

1942.2

811.5

2165.9

944.3

1744.9

611.6

< 0.001

Dairy product intake (serving/ day)

2.2

1.0

2.2

1.0

2.2

1.0

0.999

Glucose (mmol/L)

5.0

0.9

5.3

1.2

4.8

0.5

< 0.001

Insulin (uIU/ ml)

12.1

8.0

12.3

6.8

11.8

8.9

0.604

Hypertriglyceridemia

 - Normal TG5 levels

204

71.3

75

56.0

129

84.9

< 0.001

 - Hypertriglyceridemia

82

28.7

59

44.0

23

15.1

 

Cholesterol6

 - Desirable

185

64.7

90

67.2

95

62.5

0.410

 - High

101

35.3

44

32.8

57

37.5

 

HDL7

 - Normal

219

76.6

100

74.6

119

78.3

0.466

 - Low

67

23.4

34

25.4

33

21.7

 

LDL8

 - Optimal

98

34.5

47

35.6

51

33.6

0.717

 - Above optimal

186

65.5

85

64.4

101

66.4

 

CRP9

 - Low/ moderate

124

43.4

46

34.3

78

51.3

0.004

 - High

162

56.6

88

65.7

74

48.7

 
  1. 1 Physical activity
  2. 2 Body Mass Index - BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, normal weight 18.5–24.9 kg/m2, overweight 25–29.9 kg/m2, and obese ≥30 kg/m2 [44]
  3. 3 Percent body fat
  4. 4 Risky waist circumference: > 102 cm in men, > 88 cm in women [44]
  5. 5 Triglycerides – Normal levels: < 150 mg/ dL [45]
  6. 6 Desirable levels: < 200 mg/dL [45]
  7. 7 High Density Lipoprotein – Normal levels: ≥40 mg/ dL, ≥50 mg/ dL [45]
  8. 8 Low Density Lipoprotein – Optimal levels: < 100 mg/dL [45]
  9. 9 C-Reactive Protein – Low/ moderate levels: < 3 mg/L [46]
  10. Columns with superscripts without a common symbol differ, P < 0.05
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BMC Endocrine Disorders

ISSN: 1472-6823

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