Table 3 Clinical outcomes (HbA1c, BMI, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol (total, HDL, LDL]) of the intervention and control group at 6 and 12 months
Baseline – 0 months | RCT phase – 6 months | Extension of the RCT phase – 12 months | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical parameters 푛 (%)/mean ± SD/median (25–75 quartiles) | Intervention group (n = 95) | Control group (n = 98) | Intervention group (n = 95) | Control group (n = 98) | Intervention group (n = 95) | Control group (n = 98) | ||||||||
Value | Missing | Value | Missing | Value | Missing | Value | Missing | Mean difference (95% CI) | Value | Missing | Value | Missing | Mean difference (95% CI) | |
HbA1c in mmol/mol | 50.7 ± 8.5 | 70 (73.7) | 54.7 ± 11.7 | 75 (76.5) | 51.1 ± 11.0 | 71 (74.7) | 58.2 ± 14.3 | 74 (75.5) | −7.08 (− 14.49–0.33) | 53.91 ± 7.72 | 73 (76.8) | 56.2 ± 10.3 | 82 (83.7) | − 2.28 (− 8.29–3.63) |
BMI | 28.5 ± 4.3 | 64 (67.4) | 30.8 ± 5.1 | 66 (67.3) | 28.5 ± 4.3 | 58 (61.1) | 30.7 ± 5.3 | 44 (44.9) | −2.17 (− 4.25– − 0.09)* | 29.9 ± 4.7 | 48 (50.5) | 31.2 ± 6.3 | 50 (51.0) | − 1.29 (− 3.56–0.98) |
Systolic blood pressure in mmHG | 139.35 ± 15.0 | 58 (61.1) | 135.59 ± 14.93 | 61 (62.2) | 142.19 ± 17.56 | 59 (62.1) | 139.54 ± 18.74 | 41 (41.8) | 2.65 (− 5.09–10.39) | 138.51 ± 13.35 | 50 (52.6) | 137.94 ± 13.68 | 48 (49.0) | 0.57 (−4.95–6.09) |
Cholesterol in mmol/L | 4.47 ± 1.45 | 78 (82.1) | 4.08 ± 1.21 | 80 (81.6) | 4.10 ± 0.97 | 77 (81.1) | 3.92 ± 0.81 | 77 (78.6) | 0.18 (− 0.40–0.76) | 4.09 ± 0.90 | 80 (84.2) | 4.26 ± 0.98 | 87 (88.8) | − 0.18 (− 0.94–0.59) |
HDL in mmol/L | 1.25 ± 0.3 | 78 (82.1) | 1.06 ± 0.3 | 80 (81.6) | 1.11 ± 0.31 | 77 (81.1) | 1.26 ± 0.30 | 77 (78.6) | − 0.15 (− 0.34–0.05) | 1.24 ± 0.39 | 80 (84.2) | 1.10 ± 0.44 | 87 (88.8) | 0.14 (− 0.2–0.48) |
LDL in mmol/L | 2.19 ± 1.7 | 78 (82.1) | 2.27 ± 2.1 | 80 (81.6) | 2.23 ± 0.92 | 77 (81.1) | 2.01 ± 0.70 | 77 (78.6) | 0.23 (− 0.31–0.77) | 2.10 ± 0.56 | 80 (84.2) | 2.17 ± 0.68 | 87 (88.8) | − 0.07 (− 0.58–0.43) |