Associations of serum low-density lipoprotein and systolic blood pressure levels with type 2 diabetic patients with and without peripheral neuropathy: systemic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis of observational studies

Table 3 Association between LDL levels with the type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy risks

Subgroup analyses		N (%)	T2DM with DPN*	T2DM without DPN	SMD (95% CI) *	Heterogeneity
Subgroup analyses		N (%)	Mean + SD	Mean + SD	SMD (95% CI) *	P-value**	I-squared
Ethnicity	America	3 (8.3)	2.54 + 1.02	2.61 + 0.85	0.07 (−0.24–0.37)	<0.001	84.92
	Asia	29 (80.6)	2.75 + 0.96	2.82 + 0.88	0.07 (0.01–0.12)	<0.001	78.97
	Europe	4 (11.2)	3.21 + 0.90	3.37 + 0.95	0.16 (− 0.06–0.38)	0.03	66.96
Study type	Case control	11 (30.6)	2.87 + 1.11	2.90 + 1.02	0.03 (− 0.05–0.11)	0.12	34.80
	Cohort	3 (8.3)	2.82 + 0.60	2.98 + 0.62	0.16 (− 0.05–0.37)	<0.001	84.15
	Cross-sectional	22 (61.1)	2.71 + 0.89	2.78 + 0.83	0.07 (0.01–0.13)	<0.001	80.52
Total (Random Effect Model)		36 (100)	2.78 + 0.98	2.86 + 0.91	0.08 (0.03–0.13)	<0.001	88.10

*The negative combined effect suggests that the LDL mean was higher in the non- type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy comparable group i.e. diabetes whereas the positive value would suggest greater LDL mean values in the type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy group
**P-values is calculated LDL mean between the T2DM with and without DPN
All LDL is reported in mmol/L
Abbreviations: N, number; T2DM, type-2 diabetes mellitus; DPN, diabetic peripheral neuropathy; SMD, standardized mean difference; Cl: Confidence interval

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