Table 1 Baseline characteristics of type 2 diabetic patients with or without NAFLD

N

147

89

–

113

96

–

Age, years

57.6 ± 9.4

59.4 ± 9.8

0.169

61.1 ± 9.3

61.4 ± 8.7

0.834

Duration of diabetes, years

8.0 ± 7.1

6.1 ± 6.1

0.040

9.1 ± 6.6

7.7 ± 6.7

0.143

Duration of hypertension, years

3.1 ± 5.6

5.5 ± 7.1

0.05

5.0 ± 6.7

6.9 ± 7.0

0.045

Height, cm

167.9 ± 5.7

167.5 ± 5.1

0.596

154.9 ± 5.7

155.9 ± 5.7

0.201

Weight, cm

65.0 ± 9.1

73.6 ± 10.2

< 0.001

58.3 ± 9.1

63.3 ± 11.7

0.001

Body mass index, Kg/m²

23.0 ± 2.9

26.2 ± 3.4

< 0.01

24.3 ± 3.5

26.0 ± 4.4

0.002

Waist circumference, cm

85.6 ± 8.5

94.7 ± 8.4

< 0.001

86.8 ± 11.8

92.2 ± 11.4

0.001

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

133.2 ± 21.8

138.4 ± 20.6

0.069

145.7 ± 26.4

140.8 ± 19.3

0.133

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

76.0 ± 12.5

80.7 ± 12.4

0.005

75.7 ± 12.8

76.8 ± 12.6

0.529

Hemoglobin A1c, mmol/L

10.3 ± 2.8

9.6 ± 2.2

0.005

9.4 ± 2.0

9.4 ± 2.1

0.901

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

4.2 ± 1.1

4.6 ± 1.3

0.016

4.6 ± 1.4

4.9 ± 1.4

0.050

Triglycerides, mmol/L

1.4 ± 0.9

2.3 ± 2.2

< 0.001

1.9 ± 2.1

2.3 ± 1.8

0.155

HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L

1.0 ± 0.3

0.9 ± 0.2

0.152

1.1 ± 0.3

1.0 ± 0.2

0.390

LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L

2.5 ± 0.9

2.6 ± 1.0

0.201

2.6 ± 0.9

2.8 ± 0.9

0.061

ALT, IU/L

24.2 ± 14.5

28.5 ± 18.2

0.047

20.8 ± 11.8

25.0 ± 14.0

0.039

AST, IU/L

22.6 ± 10.5

25.4 ± 11.5

0.054

22.1 ± 9.7

25.0 ± 11.2

0.049

Current smoking, %

44.2

43.8

1.000

1.8

0

0.501

Current drinking, %

10.2

11.2

0.829

0

0

1.000

Menopause, %

–

–

–

89.2

91.3

0.645

 Statin (%)

8.2

11.1

0.717

10.4

8.3

1.000

 Metformin (%)

53.1

61.1

0.512

50.0

61.1

0.378

 Insulin (%)

65.3

50.0

0.185

70.8

63.9

0.637

 ASM, kg

21.5 ± 2.8

22.6 ± 2.7

0.002

15.4 ± 2.4

15.7 ± 2.6

0.369

 Visceral fat area, cm²

95.7 ± 25.6

120.7 ± 36.0

< 0.001

104.7 ± 32.9

121.0 ± 28.8

< 0.001

 SVR, g/cm²

238.7 ± 73.3

197.8 ± 57.4

< 0.001

160.0 ± 58.0

136.7 ± 38.1

0.001