Table 1 Characteristics of diabetic subjects with HbA1c ≤7.0 and > 7.0%

Age, years

69 (65–73)

69 (65–73)

0.991

Male sex, n, %

205, 44.1%

190, 41.9%

0.512^a

Tobacco smoking n, %

46, 9.9%

45, 9.9%

0.983^a

Alcohol drinking, n, %

62, 13.3%

69, 15.2%

0.411^a

159, 34.2%

161, 35.5%

20, 4.3%

22, 4.9%

261, 56.1%

259, 57.2%

25, 5.4%

11, 2.4%

0.145^b

160 (155–165)

159 (154–164)

0.112

62 (55–70)

61 (55–68)

0.194

Waist circumference, cm

85 (79–90)

85 (80–90)

0.666

BMI, kg/m²

24.44 (22.25–26.31)

24.10 (22.21–26.12)

0.498

WHtR

0.53 (0.50–0.56)

0.53 (0.50–0.57)

0.304

Duration of diabetes, years

6 (4–8)

7 (4–10)

< 0.001

230, 49.5%

168, 37.1%

184, 39.6%

197, 43.5%

51, 10.9%

88, 19.4%

< 0.001^a

 Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L

6.36 (5.68–7.08)

8.51 (7.39–10.35)

< 0.001

 HbA1c, %

6.30 (5.90–6.70)

8.10 (7.50–9.10)

< 0.001

 TC, mmol/L

4.91 (4.28–5.62)

5.06 (4.42–5.87)

0.014

 TG, mmol/L

1.52 (1.11–2.13)

1.59 (1.13–2.29)

0.104

 LDL-C, mmol/L

2.46 ± 0.75

2.54 ± 0.82

0.150

 HDL-C, mmol/L

1.17 (1.02–1.34)

1.16 (1.00–1.34)

0.663

 TyG

8.94(8.57–9.31)

9.30(8.93–9.75)

< 0.001

 TyG-BMI

218.53(198.27–241.08)

225.88(204.68–250.18)

< 0.001

 TyG-WC

758.76(693.72–819.11)

788.69(729.66–857.42)

< 0.001

 VAI

2.13(1.40–3.10)

2.30(1.37–3.55)

0.100

 LAP

35.47(23.67–51.73)

38.97(22.69–58.23)

0.085

 DBP, mmHg

78 (70–82)

79 (72–80)

0.926

 SBP, mmHg

130 (126–138)

130 (126–138)

0.998

 Hypertension, n, %

105, 22.6%

94, 20.8%

0.501^a

 No

414, 89%

405, 89.4%

 microvascular

16, 3.4%

12, 2.6%

 macrovascular

34, 7.3%

36, 7.9%

 Other

1, 0.2%

0

0.666

Anti-diabetic medication, n, %

382, 82.2%

401, 88.5%

0.006^a

 no data

0

2, 0.5%

 Poor

15, 3.9%

18, 4.5%

 Good

367, 96.1%

381, 95.0%

0.534^b

 no data

1, 0.2%

0

 No

33, 7.1%

62, 13.7%

 occasional

253, 54.4%

244, 53.9%

 Regular

178, 38.3%

147, 32.4%

0.003^b

 Self-blood glucose monitoring, n, %

111, 23.9%

105, 23.2%

0.805^a