Table 2 Between the two groups of clinical data and glucose control comparison

Male [n(%)]

16 (48.5)

22 (66.7)

x² = 2.233

Age [(Mean ± SD), years]

62.3 ± 11.1

59.5 ± 12.5

t = 0.990

Hypertension [n(%)]

21 (63.6)

19 (57.6)

x² = 0.254

Smoking [n(%)]

5 (15.2)

11 (33.3)

x² = 2.970

Positive family history [n(%)]

7 (21.2)

7 (21.2)

–

BMI [(Mean ± SD), Kg/M²]

25.0 ± 4.4

25.2 ± 3.4

t = − 0.176

Diabetes history [(Mean ± SD), mouth]

9.0 (2~15.5)

5.0 (1.0~10.0)

z = −1.649

hs-CRP [M(Q1~Q3), mmol/l]

2.1 (0.5~6.6)

1.8 (0.5~6.7)

z = −0.250

 Insulin

11.0 (33.3)

10.0 (30.3)

x² = 0.070

 Metformin

17.0 (51.5)

15.0 (45.5)

x² = 0.243

 α-glucosidase inhibitor

12.0 (36.4)

17.0 (51.5)

x² = 1.538

 Sulfonylureas

2.0 (6.1)

7.0 (21.2)

–

 Glinide

1.0 (3.0)

4.0 (12.1)

–

 DPP-4 inhibitor

0 (0.0)

1 (3.0)

–

 FPG [M(Q1~Q3), mmol/l]

8.6 (6.8~12.9)

8.8 (7.5~11.1)

z = − 0.023

 2h PBG [M(Q1~Q3), mmol/l]

12.8 (10.6~18.1)

17.0 (15.2~20.8)

z = − 1.858

 DGA [M(Q1~Q3), mmol/l]

11.0 (9.0~15.0)

11.9 (10.1~13.7)

z = − 0.301

 HbAlc [M(Q1~Q3), %]

9.2 (8.2~10.5)

8.2 (8.2~9.4)

z = − 1.320

 GA [M(Q1~Q3), %]

23.3 (19.3~27.2)

25.8 (20.0~36.3)

z = − 1.247

 SDBG [M(Q1~Q3), mmol/l]

2.1 (1.6~2.5)

2.9 (2.0~3.3)

z = − 2.520

 PPGE [M(Q1~Q3), mmol/l]

2.8 (1.8~3.1)

2.2 (1.9~3.8)

z = − 0.917

 LAGE [M(Q1~Q3), mmol/l]

5.9 (4.3~7.4)

7.5 (5.4~8.9)

z = − 2.123

 SDBG < 2.0 mmol/l [n(%)]

15.0 (45.5)

9.0 (27.3)

x² = 2.357

 PPGE < 2.2 mmol/l [n(%)]

15.0 (45.5)

11.0 (33.3)

x² = 1.015

 LAGE< 4.4 mmol/l [n(%)]

9.0 (27.3)

4.0 (12.1)

x² = 2.395