Table 1 Characteristics of the MDC CV Re-exam Cohort and Participants classified as NGT, Pre-diabetes and Diabetes
Total study sample (n = 2994) | NGT (n = 1539) | Pre-diabetes (n = 902) | Diabetes (n = 553) | P-value (df = 3) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Covariates | |||||
Age (years) | 72.4 (5.58) | 71.8 (5.56) | 73.0 (5.70) | 72.9 (5.31) | < 0.001 |
Sex (men/women, %) | 40.2/59.8 | 35.7/64.3 | 43.3/56.7 | 47.9/52.1 | < 0.001 |
Educational level (%) | |||||
Low (≤ 10 years) | 68.6 | 66.5 | 71.4 | 70.2 | 0.089 |
Medium (11–12 years) | 9.46 | 9.62 | 9.20 | 9.40 | |
High (> 12 years) | 22.2 | 23.8 | 19.4 | 20.4 | |
Physical activity (%) | |||||
Sedentary spare time | 7.08 | 5.20 | 7.76 | 11.2 | < 0.001 |
Moderate exercise | 75.7 | 74.3 | 77.9 | 76.0 | |
Regular exercise | 17.2 | 20.5 | 14.3 | 12.7 | |
Smoking status (%) | |||||
Never-smokers | 45.3 | 46.8 | 44.4 | 42.8 | 0.105 |
Past smokers | 45.0 | 44.6 | 43.9 | 48.0 | |
Present smokers | 9.65 | 8.64 | 11.6 | 9.19 | |
Alcohol consumption (%) | |||||
No consumption | 23.1 | 20.3 | 24.6 | 28.2 | < 0.001 |
Moderate consumption | 64.4 | 67.8 | 62.1 | 58.6 | |
High consumption | 12.5 | 11.9 | 13.3 | 13.2 | |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 143.2 (18.9) | 141.4 (18.9) | 143.8 (18.9) | 147.4 (18.3) | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 92.2 (12.5) | 89.2 (11.5) | 93.5 (12.4) | 98.4 (11.5) | < 0.001 |
Heart rate (beats/min) | 67.4 (11.1) | 66.5 (10.4) | 68.0 (11.4) | 69.2 (12.0) | < 0.001 |
Pulse wave velocity (m/s) | 10.5 (2.66) | 10.2 (2.72) | 10.7 (2.92) | 11.3 (3.15) | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.21 (1.07) | 5.49 (1.01) | 5.06 (1.03) | 4.64 (1.05) | < 0.001 |
Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 6.09 (1.28) | 5.46 (0.443) | 6.17 (0.523) | 7.77 (2.01) | < 0.001 |
2-h glucose (mmol/l)a | 7.11 (1.54) | 5.82 (1.16) | 8.01 (1.65) | 11.7 (0.02) | < 0.001 |
MMSE full test (/30p) | 28.3 (1.81) | 28.3 (1.65) | 28.0 (1.83) | 27.9 (2.00) | <.0001 |
AQT full test (time, s) | 135.8 (32.3) | 132.1 (28.3) | 138.3 (33.7) | 142.0 (38.6) | < 0.001 |
MMSEmemory score (/13p) | 12.1 (1.02) | 12.2 (0.957) | 12.0 (1.05) | 12.0 (1.11) | < 0.001 |
AQTspeed (Part 1–2) (time, s) | 62.8 (14.5) | 61.1 (12.9) | 64.0 (14.8) | 65.7 (17.2) | < 0.001 |
AQTexecutive (Part 3)(time, s) | 73.0 (19.7) | 71.0 (17.3) | 74.4 (20.7) | 76.3 (23.4) | < 0.001 |