Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants by metabolic syndrome (MetS) status at follow-up
Variables | Total | With MetS | Without MetS | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 8468) | (n = 1825) | (n = 6643) | ||
Men | 4085 (48.24) | 509 (12.46) | 3576 (87.54) | Â |
 Age (years) | 52.38 (13.07) | 50.13 (12.77) | 52.70 (13.08) | <  0.001 |
 Smoking | 2866 (70.16) | 357 (70.14) | 2509 (70.16) | 0.991 |
 Drinking | 1063 (26.02) | 173 (33.99) | 890 (24.89) | <  0.001 |
 Education level |  |  |  | 0.228 |
  High school or above | 617 (15.10) | 86 (16.90) | 531 (14.85) |  |
 Physical activity |  |  |  | 0.079 |
  Low | 931 (22.79) | 125 (24.56) | 806 (22.54) |  |
  Moderate | 724 (17.72) | 103 (20.24) | 621 (17.37) | |
  High | 2430 (59.49) | 281 (55.21) | 2149 (60.10) | |
 WC (cm) | 79.59 (7.45) | 88.33 (6.66) | 78.34 (6.68) | <  0.001 |
 WHtR | 0.48 (0.05) | 0.53 (0.04) | 0.48 (0.04) | <  0.001 |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 22.55 (2.49) | 25.17 (2.46) | 22.17 (2.26) | <  0.001 |
 LAP (cm.mmol/L) | 21.23 (17.02) | 37.11 (20.08) | 18.97 (15.25) | <  0.001 |
 TC (mmol/L) | 4.29 (0.85) | 4.43 (0.86) | 4.28 (0.85) | <  0.001 |
 TG (mmol/L) | 1.37 (0.66) | 1.60 (0.75) | 1.34 (0.65) | <  0.001 |
 SBP (mmHg) | 123.84 (17.88) | 127.82 (19.14) | 123.28 (17.62) | <  0.001 |
 DBP (mmHg) | 76.65 (10.69) | 80.12 (11.13) | 76.16 (10.54) | <  0.001 |
 FPG (mmol/L) | 5.44 (1.24) | 5.59 (1.41) | 5.42 (1.21) | 0.009 |
 HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.14 (0.25) | 1.08 (0.22) | 1.15 (0.25) | <  0.001 |
 LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.53 (0.72) | 2.62 (0.72) | 2.52 (0.71) | 0.004 |
Women | 4383 (51.76) | 1316 (30.03) | 3067 (69.97) | Â |
 Age (years) | 47.92 (12.45) | 49.50 (11.23) | 47.25 (12.88) | <  0.001 |
 Smoking | 13 (0.30) | 4 (0.30) | 9 (0.29) | 0.953 |
 Drinking | 31 (0.71) | 8 (0.61) | 23 (0.75) | 0.607 |
 Education level |  |  |  | 0.079 |
  High school or above | 337 (7.69) | 87 (6.61) | 250 (8.15) |  |
 Physical activity |  |  |  | 0.065 |
  Low | 1358 (30.98) | 381 (28.95) | 977 (31.86) |  |
  Moderate | 1035 (23.61) | 316 (24.01) | 719 (23.44) |  |
  High | 1990 (45.40) | 619 (47.04) | 1371 (44.70) |  |
 WC (cm) | 75.72 (7.85) | 81.53 (7.86) | 73.22 (6.39) | <  0.001 |
 WHtR | 0.49 (0.05) | 0.53 (0.05) | 0.48 (0.04) | <  0.001 |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 22.75 (2.93) | 24.75 (2.98) | 21.89 (2.45) | <  0.001 |
 LAP (cm.mmol/L) | 23.10 (15.52) | 32.73 (16.85) | 18.98 (12.88) | <  0.001 |
 TC (mmol/L) | 4.40 (0.89) | 4.56 (0.90) | 4.33 (0.88) | <  0.001 |
 TG (mmol/L) | 1.28 (0.62) | 1.42 (0.65) | 1.22 (0.59) | <  0.001 |
 SBP (mmHg) | 120.47 (19.45) | 125.18 (19.53) | 118.46 (19.06) | <  0.001 |
 DBP (mmHg) | 75.73 (10.59) | 79.15 (10.90) | 74.27 (10.10) | <  0.001 |
 FPG (mmol/L) | 5.37 (1.11) | 5.48 (1.26) | 5.33 (1.04) | <  0.001 |
 HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.27 (0.27) | 1.23 (0.26) | 1.29 (0.28) | <  0.001 |
 LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.54 (0.74) | 2.68 (0.75) | 2.49 (0.73) | <  0.001 |