Table 1 Patient Characteristics
DM | Non-DM | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | ||
Gender | |||||
Male | 3261 | 35.9 | 13,830 | 44.2 | < 0.001 |
Female | 5816 | 64.1 | 17,484 | 55.8 | |
Age (mean ± SD), yr | 75.7 ± 8.1 | 77.1 ± 9.4 | < 0.001 | ||
< 65 | 843 | 9.3 | 2878 | 9.2 | < 0.001 |
65–74 | 3088 | 34.0 | 8165 | 26.1 | |
75–84 | 4149 | 45.7 | 14,584 | 46.5 | |
≥ 85 | 997 | 11.0 | 5687 | 18.2 | |
Area of residence | |||||
North | 3237 | 35.7 | 12,357 | 39.4 | < 0.001 |
Central | 2192 | 24.1 | 7310 | 23.3 | |
South | 3269 | 36.0 | 10,287 | 32.9 | |
East | 379 | 4.2 | 1360 | 4.4 | |
Urbanization level | |||||
Urban | 2837 | 31.2 | 10,419 | 33.3 | < 0.001 |
Rural | 6240 | 68.8 | 2,0895 | 66.7 | |
Insurance amount, NT$/month | |||||
Dependent | 4522 | 49.8 | 13,554 | 43.3 | < 0.001 |
< 20,000 | 3013 | 33.2 | 12,043 | 38.4 | |
≥ 20,000 | 1542 | 17.0 | 5717 | 18.3 | |
Charlson comorbidity index | |||||
Mean ± SD | 3.9 ± 1.9 | 1.7 ± 1.5 | < 0.01 | ||
Median (Interquartile range) | 4.0 (2.0–5.0) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | < 0.01 | ||
Selective comorbidities | |||||
Myocardial infarction | 176 | 1.9 | 359 | 1.2 | < 0.01 |
Congestive heart Failure | 1071 | 11.8 | 2219 | 7.1 | < 0.01 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 317 | 3.5 | 671 | 2.1 | < 0.01 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 4499 | 49.6 | 9608 | 30.7 | < 0.01 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 1969 | 21.7 | 5593 | 17.9 | < 0.01 |
Peptic ulcer disease | 1800 | 19.8 | 3981 | 12.7 | < 0.01 |
Mild liver disease | 790 | 8.7 | 1601 | 5.1 | < 0.01 |
Renal disease | 855 | 9.42 | 1166 | 3.7 | < 0.01 |
Cancer | 499 | 5.5 | 1250 | 4.1 | < 0.01 |
Hypertension | 6537 | 72.0 | 12,669 | 40.5 | < 0.01 |
Hyperlipidemia | 1854 | 20.4 | 1791 | 5.72 | < 0.01 |