Table 2 Univariate analysis for association of socio-demographic and lifestyle factors with diabetic foot syndrome (n = 620)
Variables | Diabetic foot syndrome | Unadjusted OR 95% CI | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Absent (n = 299) n (%) | Present (n = 321) n (%) | |||
Gender | ||||
 Male | 116 (38.8) | 148 (46.1) | 1.35 (0.98–1.85) | 0.066 |
 Female | 183 (61.2) | 173 (53.9) | 1 | |
Age in years | ||||
  < 50 years | 64 (21.4) | 18 (5.6) | 1 | < 0.001 |
 51–60 years | 96 (32.1) | 62 (19.3) | 2.29 (1.24–4.23) | |
 61–70 years | 105 (35.1) | 130 (40.5) | 4.40 (2.45–7.88) | |
  > 70 years | 34 (11.4) | 111 (34.6) | 11.60 (6.06–22.21) | |
Socio-economic status | ||||
 Low | 69 (23.1) | 105 (32.7) | 1 | 0.028 |
 Middle | 225 (75.2) | 211 (65.7) | 0.61 (0.43–0.88) | |
 High | 5 (1.7) | 5 (1.6) | 0.65 (0.18–2.35) | |
Literacy | ||||
 Illiterate | 36 (12.0) | 52 (16.2) | 2.09 (1.15–3.78) | 0.018 |
 Primary | 31 (10.4) | 51 (15.9) | 2.38 (1.29–4.37) | |
 High school | 177 (59.2) | 180 (56.1) | 1.47 (0.92–2.38) | |
 PUC and above | 55 (18.4) | 38 (11.8) | 1 | |
Occupation | ||||
 Professional/White collared | 29 (9.7) | 29 (8.7) | 1 | < 0.001 |
 Skilled/Semiskilled | 55 (18.4) | 57 (17.8) | 1.07 (0.56–2.03) | |
 Unskilled | 13 (4.3) | 21 (6.5) | 1.67 (0.70–3.97) | |
 Housewife | 152 (50.9) | 139 (43.3) | 0.94 (0.53–1.67) | |
 Unemployed | 17 (5.7) | 50 (15.6) | 3.04 (1.42–6.49) | |
 Retired | 33 (11.0) | 26 (8.1) | 0.81 (0.39–1.69) | |
Habits | ||||
 Smoking | 16 (5.4) | 24 (7.5) | 1.42 (0.74–2.74) | 0.284 |
 Smokeless tobacco use | 48 (16.1) | 83 (25.9) | 1.82 (1.22–2.71) | 0.003 |
 Alcohol use | 49 (16.4) | 63 (19.6) | 1.24 (0.82–1.88) | 0.295 |
Physical Activity | ||||
 Sedentary | 116 (38.8) | 200 (62.3) | 2.29 (0.77–6.78) | < 0.001 |
 Light | 175 (58.5) | 115 (35.8) | 0.87 (0.29–2.59) | |
 Moderate | 8 (2.7) | 6 (1.9) | 1 | |