Higher serum 25(OH)D level is associated with decreased risk of impairment of glucose homeostasis: data from Southwest China

Table 3 Multiple linear regression least-squares means and 95% confidence interval for the association of tertiles of serum 25(OH)D (ng/ml) with glucose homeostasis (n = 1514)^a

	Tertiles of serum 25(OH)D (ng/ml)			P for trend
	Tertile 1 12.6 (9.5, 15.1)^b	Tertile 2 20.6 (18.6, 23.1)^b	Tertile 3 31.9 (27.9, 38.9)^b	P for trend
Fasting insulin (μIU/mL)
Model A^c	8.36 (7.59, 9.12)	8.00 (7.25, 8.75)	7.47 (6.68, 8.26)	0.016
Model B^d	8.35 (7.58, 9.12)	7.98 (7.23, 8.73)	7.45 (6.66, 8.24)	0.015
Model C^e	8.00 (7.31, 8.70)	7.63 (6.95, 8.31)	7.01 (6.29, 7.73)	0.0007
Fasting plasma glucose(mmol/L)
Model A^c	5.56 (5.48, 5.64)	5.55 (5.47, 5.63)	5.52 (5.44, 5.61)	0.331
Model B^d	5.56 (5.48, 5.64)	5.55 (5.47, 5.63)	5.52 (5.43, 5.60)	0.291
Model C^e	5.55 (5.47, 6.63)	5.53 (5.46, 5.61)	5.50 (5.42, 5.58)	0.197
HbA_1c (%)
Model A^c	5.57 (5.51, 5.63)	5.53 (5.46, 5.59)	5.46 (5.40, 5.52)	0.0003
Model B^d	5.57 (5.51, 5.63)	5.52 (5.46, 5.82)	5.45 (5.39, 5.52)	0.0002
Model C^e	5.57 (5.50, 5.63)	5.52 (5.46, 5.58)	5.45 (5.39, 5.51)	0.0001
HOMA2-IR
Model A^c	1.11 (1.01, 1.21)	1.06 (0.97, 1.16)	0.99 (0.89, 1.10)	0.016
Model B^d	1.11 (1.01, 1.21)	1.06 (0.96, 1.16)	0.99 (0.89, 1.10)	0.015
Model C^e	1.06 (0.97, 1.16)	1.02 (0.93, 1.10)	0.93 (0.84, 1.03)	0.0007

^aValues are models least-squares means and 95% confidence interval. Linear trends (P for trend) were obtained with vitamin D concentrations as continuous variables;
^bValues are median (25th percentile, 75th percentile) in tertiles of Vitamin D (ng/ml);
^cModel A: adjusted for age, gender, monthly personal income, smoking status and season of blood drawn;
^dModel B: additionally adjusted for MVPA and energy intake;
^eModel C: additionally adjusted for waist circumference

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