Table 1 Socioeconomic characteristics and risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) according to study group
Normal group n (%) | Pre-diabetic group | T2DM group | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | P a | n (%) | P b | ||
Family history of diabetes | 0.352 | 0.468 | |||
No | 32 (68.1%) | 148 (74.7%) | 23 (60.5%) | ||
Yes | 15 (31.9%) | 50 (25.3%) | 15 (39.5%) | ||
Educational level | 0.463 | 0.198 | |||
Uneducated | 3 (6.1%) | 11 (5.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Primary school | 36 (73.5%) | 159 (79.1%) | 34 (85.0%) | ||
High school | 8 (16.3%) | 26 (12.9%) | 3 (7.5%) | ||
Vocational college | 2 (4.1%) | 2 (1.0%) | 3 (4.5%) | ||
Bachelor degree | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (1.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Occupation | 0.592 | 0.806 | |||
Farmer | 17 (33.3%) | 82 (40.4%) | 17 (42.5%) | ||
Freelancer or factory worker | 28 (54.9%) | 86 (42.4%) | 19 (47.5%) | ||
Grocer | 3 (5.9%) | 16 (7.9%) | 2 (5.0%) | ||
Housekeeper | 2 (3.9%) | 11 (5.4%) | 2 (5.0%) | ||
Others | 1 (2.0%) | 8 (3.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Frequency of physical activity | 0.280 | 0.362 | |||
Never | 17 (33.3%) | 53 (26.1%) | 9 (22.5%) | ||
1–2 times/week | 3 (5.9%) | 25 (12.3%) | 6 (15.0%) | ||
3–4 times/week | 7 (13.7%) | 17 (8.4%) | 4 (10.0%) | ||
5 times/week or more | 24 (47.1%) | 108 (53.2%) | 21 (52.5%) | ||
Smoking status | 0.280 | 0.193 | |||
Never smoke | 36 (70.6%) | 147 (72.0%) | 31 (77.5%) | ||
Still smoke | 14 (27.5%) | 42 (20.7%) | 6 (15.0%) | ||
Used to smoke | 1 (2.0%) | 14 (6.9%) | 3 (7.5%) | ||
Alcoholic drinking status | 0.261 | 0.286 | |||
Never drink | 24 (48.0%) | 98 (48.3%) | 22 (55.0%) | ||
Still drink | 25 (50.0%) | 88 (43.3%) | 15 (37.5%) | ||
Used to drink | 1 (2.0%) | 17 (8.4%) | 3 (7.5%) | ||