| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | B (SEM) | P | B (SEM) | P | B (SEM) | P | B (SEM) | P |
All (n = 8850) | ||||||||
 ALT | 0.03 (0.003) | <0.0001 | 0.03 (0.003) | <0.0001 | 0.03 (0.003) | <0.0001 | 0.02 (0.003) | <0.0001 |
 AST | 0.01 (0.003) | <0.0001 | 0.01 (0.003) | <0.0001 | 0.01 (0.003) | <0.0001 | 0.01 (0.003) | 0.003 |
 GGT | 0.001 (0.002) | <0.0001 | 0.001 (0.002) | <0.0001 | 0.001 (0.002) | 0.001 | 0.001 (0.002) | 0. 017 |
 Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.252 | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.671 | -0.03 (0.02) | 0.139 | -0.03 (0.02) | 0.059 |
 2-h glucose (mmol/l) | 0.04 (0.009) | <0.0001 | 0.03 (0.009) | <0.008 | 0.02 (0.009) | 0.011 | 0.01 (0.009) | 0.536 |
 A1C (%) | 0.15 (0.034) | <0.0001 | 0.11 (0.036) | 0.001 | 0.11 (0.036) | 0.002 | 0.05 (0.035) | 0.122 |
  aFasting insulin (μU/ml) | 0.06 (0.004) | <0.0001 | 0.06 (0.004) | <0.0001 | 0.04 (0.005) | <0.0001 | 0.03 (0.005) | <0.0001 |
  bHOMA-IR | 0.16 (0.013) | <0.0001 | 0.17 (0.015) | <0.0001 | 0.11 (0.015) | <0.0001 | 0.08 (0.014) | <0.0001 |
 Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 0.03 (0.033) | 0.445 | 0.01 (0.036) | 0.850 | 0.06 (0.035) | 0.092 | 0.08 (0.033) | 0.017 |
 LDL-c (mmol/l) | 0.05 (0.044) | 0.217 | 0.09 (0.048) | 0.066 | 0.04 (0.046) | 0.608 | 0.01 (0.044) | 0.937 |
 HDL-C (mmol/l) | -1.54 (0.11) | <0.0001 | -1.45 (0.11) | <0.0001 | -0.99 (0.11) | <0.0001 | -0.78 (0.11) | <0.0001 |
 Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 0.25 (0.025) | <0.0001 | 0.24 (0.027) | <0.0001 | 0.17 (0.026) | <0.0001 | 0.13 (0.026) | <0.0001 |
 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 0.01 (0.002) | <0.0001 | 0.01 (0.002) | <0.0001 | 0.02 (0.002) | <0.0001 | 0.01 (0.002) | 0.0001 |
 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 0.02 (0.003) | <0.0001 | 0.01 (0.004) | 0.083 | 0.01 (0.004) | 0.028 | 0.01 (0.004) | 0.005 |
Obesity status | ||||||||
 BMI < 24 kg/m2 (n = 4033) | ||||||||
  Fasting insulin (μU/ml) | 0.03 (0.005) | <0.0001 | 0.03 (0.006) | <0.0001 | 0.01 (0.006) | 0.401 | - | - |
  HOMA-IR | 0.07 (0.016) | <0.0001 | 0.08 (0.02) | <0.0001 | 0.01 (0.019) | 0.479 | - | - |
BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 (n = 4817) | ||||||||
 Fasting insulin (μU/ml) | 0.08 (0.007) | <0.0001 | 0.07 (0.007) | <0.0001 | 0.05 (0.007) | <0.0001 | - | - |
 HOMA-IR | 0.22 (0.019) | <0.0001 | 0.19 (0.019) | <0.0001 | 0.14 (0.019) | <0.0001 | - | - |