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Table 3 Adjusted regression coefficients of calf circumference with metabolic parameters

From: Association of calf circumference with insulin resistance and non-alcohol fatty liver disease: the REACTION study

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

 

B (SEM)

P

B (SEM)

P

B (SEM)

P

B (SEM)

P

All (n = 8850)

 ALT

0.03 (0.003)

<0.0001

0.03 (0.003)

<0.0001

0.03 (0.003)

<0.0001

0.02 (0.003)

<0.0001

 AST

0.01 (0.003)

<0.0001

0.01 (0.003)

<0.0001

0.01 (0.003)

<0.0001

0.01 (0.003)

0.003

 GGT

0.001 (0.002)

<0.0001

0.001 (0.002)

<0.0001

0.001 (0.002)

0.001

0.001 (0.002)

0. 017

 Fasting glucose (mmol/l)

0.02 (0.02)

0.252

0.01 (0.02)

0.671

-0.03 (0.02)

0.139

-0.03 (0.02)

0.059

 2-h glucose (mmol/l)

0.04 (0.009)

<0.0001

0.03 (0.009)

<0.008

0.02 (0.009)

0.011

0.01 (0.009)

0.536

 A1C (%)

0.15 (0.034)

<0.0001

0.11 (0.036)

0.001

0.11 (0.036)

0.002

0.05 (0.035)

0.122

  aFasting insulin (μU/ml)

0.06 (0.004)

<0.0001

0.06 (0.004)

<0.0001

0.04 (0.005)

<0.0001

0.03 (0.005)

<0.0001

  bHOMA-IR

0.16 (0.013)

<0.0001

0.17 (0.015)

<0.0001

0.11 (0.015)

<0.0001

0.08 (0.014)

<0.0001

 Total cholesterol (mmol/l)

0.03 (0.033)

0.445

0.01 (0.036)

0.850

0.06 (0.035)

0.092

0.08 (0.033)

0.017

 LDL-c (mmol/l)

0.05 (0.044)

0.217

0.09 (0.048)

0.066

0.04 (0.046)

0.608

0.01 (0.044)

0.937

 HDL-C (mmol/l)

-1.54 (0.11)

<0.0001

-1.45 (0.11)

<0.0001

-0.99 (0.11)

<0.0001

-0.78 (0.11)

<0.0001

 Triglycerides (mmol/l)

0.25 (0.025)

<0.0001

0.24 (0.027)

<0.0001

0.17 (0.026)

<0.0001

0.13 (0.026)

<0.0001

 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

0.01 (0.002)

<0.0001

0.01 (0.002)

<0.0001

0.02 (0.002)

<0.0001

0.01 (0.002)

0.0001

 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

0.02 (0.003)

<0.0001

0.01 (0.004)

0.083

0.01 (0.004)

0.028

0.01 (0.004)

0.005

Obesity status

 BMI < 24 kg/m2 (n = 4033)

  Fasting insulin (μU/ml)

0.03 (0.005)

<0.0001

0.03 (0.006)

<0.0001

0.01 (0.006)

0.401

-

-

  HOMA-IR

0.07 (0.016)

<0.0001

0.08 (0.02)

<0.0001

0.01 (0.019)

0.479

-

-

BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 (n = 4817)

 Fasting insulin (μU/ml)

0.08 (0.007)

<0.0001

0.07 (0.007)

<0.0001

0.05 (0.007)

<0.0001

-

-

 HOMA-IR

0.22 (0.019)

<0.0001

0.19 (0.019)

<0.0001

0.14 (0.019)

<0.0001

-

-

  1. Fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglycerides were log-transformed before analysis. Model 1: adjusted for age, sex (not for sex-stratified analysis). Model 2: further adjusted for physical activity (low, moderate, or high), smoking (yes/no), family history of diabetes (yes/no), self-reported CHD (yes/no), stroke (yes/no), and hypertension (yes/no) was included in the model. Model 3: further adjusted for waist circumference and inflammatory factors (CRP and IL-6, continuous variables). Model 4: further adjusted for BMI (not for obesity status-stratified analysis). a17 participants were excluded with a missing value of fasting insulin, P for interaction between calf circumference and obesity status <0.001. b21 participants were excluded with a missing value of HOMA-IR; P for interaction between calf circumference and obesity status < 0.001
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BMC Endocrine Disorders

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