From: Age differences in diabetes-related complications and glycemic control
Characteristics | Poor Glycemic Control | Presence of Complications | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR1 (95% CI) | OR2 (95% CI) | OR3 (95% CI) | OR1 (95% CI) | OR2 (95% CI) | OR3 (95% CI) | |
Age group | ||||||
≤ 49 | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group |
50–59 | 0.62 (0.39–0.98) | 0.57 (0.35–0.94) | 0.49 (0.28–0.86) | 1.63 (1.10–2.42) | 1.53 (1.00–2.33) | 1.13 (0.67–1.90) |
≥ 60 | 0.72 (0.44–1.15) | 0.51 (0.30–0.87) | 0.44 (0.24–0.80) | 2.23 (1.48– 3.37) | 2.24 (1.41–3.54) | 1.74 (1.00–3.02) |
P value | 0.119 | 0.039 | 0.020 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.076 |
Sex | ||||||
Male | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group |
Female | 0.93 (0.65– 1.34) | 1.25 (0.82–1.92) | 0.73 (0.45–1.18) | 1.52 (1.09–2.11) | 1.57 (1.08–2.28) | 1.15 (0.73 –1.82) |
P value | 0.699 | 0.304 | 0.198 | 0.013 | 0.019 | 0.560 |
Education | ||||||
Illiterate | 1.32 (0.85 –2.04) | 1.07 (0.63 –1.82) | 1.20 (0.67 –2.17) | 1.79 (1.22 –2.63) | 1.39 (0.88–2.20) | 1.96 (1.12–3.45) |
Primary school | 0.68 (0.44 – 1.06) | 0.64 (0.39– 1.03) | 0.75 (0.44–1.26) | 1.60 (1.07 –2.40) | 1.58 (1.03–2.42) | 1.91 (1.14 –3.20) |
Secondary school & higher | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group |
P value | 0.003 | 0.037 | 0.152 | 0.01 | 0.114 | 0.027 |
Income | ||||||
Low <1000,000 Tomans | 2.72 (1.90–3.89) | 2.56 (1.75–3.76) | 2.56 (1.68–3.90) | 1.05 (0.75–1.46) | 1.01 (0.76–1.44) | 1.04 (0.68–1.60) |
Acceptable | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group |
P value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.775 | 0.976 | 0.860 |
Duration of disease | ||||||
≤ 3 years | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group |
4–7 | 0.68 (0.41–1.13) | 0.65 (0.37–1.13) | 0.88 (0.48–1.63) | 1.91 (1.17–3.13) | 1.99 (1.16–3.42) | 2.98 (1.54–5.76) |
> 7 years | 1.34 (0.85–2.10) | 1.49 (0.91–2.45) | 1.55 (0.90–2.65) | 4.23 (2.75–6.51) | 4.55 (2.82–7.33) | 7.25 (4.00–13.12) |
P value | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.043 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
BMI | ||||||
< 25 | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group |
25–29.9 | 1.30 (0.80–2.11) | 1.28 (0.75–2.16) | 1.92 (0.85–4.36) | 1.19 (0.77–1.84) | 1.20 (0.75–1.90) | 1.42 (0.83–2.42) |
≥ 30 | 0.96 (0.59–1.54) | 089 (0.52–1.52) | 1.05 (0.45–2.45) | 1.60 (1.04–2.47) | 1.42 (0.89–2.27) | 1.66 (0.97–2.84) |
P value | 0.274 | 0.246 | 0.118 | 0.067 | 0.326 | 0.181 |
Total Cholesterol | ||||||
Desirable | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group |
≥ 240 | 5.90 (2/07 –16.84) | 5.95 (1.76–20.14) | 4.54 (1.29 –15.94) | 0.84 (0.45–1/56) | 0.93 (0.45–1.90) | 1.30 (0.52–3.22) |
P value | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.018 | 0.573 | 0.840 | 0.887 |
Hypertension | ||||||
Controlled | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group | Ref group |
Uncontrolled | 1.71 (1.22–2.40) | 1.57 (1.09–2.26) | 1.49 (1.00–2.22) | 0.99 (0.73–1.35) | 1.02 (0.73–1.41) | 0.83 (0.56–1.23) |
P value | 0.002 | 0.016 | 0.052 | 0.963 | 0.929 | 0.354 |