Skip to main content

Table 1 Characteristics of the diabetes cases and matched controls: The Singapore Chinese Health Study

From: High-sensitive C-reactive protein and risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a case–control study nested within the Singapore Chinese Health Study

Characteristics

Cases

Controls

p value*

Number of participants

571

571

-

Age, years

59.6 ± 6.1

59.7 ± 6.2

0.78

Gender (Male)

236 (41.3)

236 (41.3)

-

Dialect (%)

  

-

 Cantonese

287 (50.3)

287 (50.3)

 

 Hokkien

284 (49.7)

284 (49.7)

 

Body mass index, kg/m2

24.8 ± 3.6

22.8 ± 3.3

<0.001

Level of education (%)

  

0.15

 No formal education

104 (18.2)

99 (17.3)

 

 Primary school

255 (44.7)

233 (40.8)

 

 Secondary school or higher

212 (37.1)

239 (41.9)

 

Cigarette smoking (%)

  

0.08

 Never smokers

410 (71.8)

425 (74.4)

 

 Ever smokers

161 (28.2)

146 (25.6)

 

History of hypertension (%)

265 (46.1)

148 (25.9)

<0.001

Weekly moderate-to-vigorous activity (%)

  

0.11

  < 0.5 hours/week

456 (79.9)

454 (79.5)

 

 0.5–3.9 hours/week

82 (14.4)

68 (11.9)

 

  ≥ 4 hours/week

33 (5.8)

49 (8.6)

 

Alcohol intake (%)

  

0.81

 Abstainers

498 (87.2)

497 (87.0)

 

 Weekly drinkers

55 (9.6)

59 (10.3)

 

 Daily drinkers

18 (3.2)

15 (2.6)

 

C-reactive protein, mg/L

2.79 ± 2.65

1.86 ± 2.03

<0.001

HbA1c, %

6.83 ± 1.44

5.55 ± 0.27

<0.001

Random glucose, mmol/L

7.27 ± 3.65

4.84 ± 1.22

<0.001

Random insulin, mIU/L

27.8 ± 33.8

18.0 ± 22.5

<0.001

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

5.31 ± 0.95

5.20 ± 0.85

0.049

HDL cholesterol, mmol/L

1.08 ± 0.24

1.23 ± 0.32

<0.001

Triglyceride, mmol/L

2.44 ± 1.53

1.80 ± 1.04

<0.001

  1. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables and n (percentage) for categorical variables
  2. Cases and controls are matched on age at blood taken (±3 years), gender, dialect, and date of blood collection (±6 months)
  3. * p values based on the chi-square test for categorical variables and Student’s t-test for continuous variables