Table 1 Patient demographic characteristics
Group Parameter | (Sitagliptin only) | +Sitagliptin (combination therapy) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | Diet/exercise therapy | Low-dose glimepiride (0.5–1.0 mg) | Medium-dose glimepiride (1.5–2.0 mg) | Biguanide | Thiazolidine | α-GI | Coadministration of two or more drugs | |
n | 651 | 189 | 72 | 50 | 99 | 38 | 18 | 185 |
Age (y) | 63.8 ± 11.8 | 64.6 ± 12.7 | 68.1 ± 11.1 | 65.3 ± 11.2 | 59.3 ± 11.4 | 64.3 ± 12.2 | 63.9 ± 11.7 | 63.2 ± 10.8 |
Sex (male %) | 434 (66.7) | 121 (64.0) | 44 (61.1) | 37 (74.0) | 72 (72.7) | 27 (71.1) | 13 (72.2) | 120 (64.9) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.2 ± 4.2 | 24.5 ± 4.1 | 24.3 ± 4.0 | 24.5 ± 3.5 | 25.8 ± 3.6 | 26.4 ± 7.1 | 25.9 ± 3.9 | 25.7 ± 4.1 |
Abdominal circumference (cm) | 88.3 ± 11.1 | 87.3 ± 10.7 | 88.7 ± 10.7 | 85.1 ± 8.2 | 88.9 ± 9.0 | 92.9 ± 21.4 | 92.4 ± 7.2 | 87.9 ± 10.1 |
Disease duration (y) | 8.8 ± 6.7 | 6.2 ± 5.7 | 8.2 ± 6.4 | 10.2 ± 8.1 | 9.4 ± 6.8 | 10.5 ± 7.1 | 8.7 ± 5.7 | 10.5 ± 6.5 |
Smoking habit (%) | 143 (22.7) | 32 (17.4) | 14 (20.3) | 16 (34.0) | 26 (27.1) | 5 (13.5) | 4 (22.2) | 46 (25.6) |
Drinking habit (%) | 301 (48.1) | 79 (42.5) | 31 (47.0) | 33 (68.8) | 51 (53.1) | 19 (52.8) | 10 (55.6) | 78 (44.3) |
HbA1c (%) | 7.86 ± 1.07 | 7.67 ± 1.09 | 7.74 ± 0.86 | 8.23 ± 1.31 | 8.05 ± 1.10 | 7.64 ± 0.74 | 7.26 ± 0.76 | 8.00 ± 1.04 |
Converted mean HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 62 | 60 | 61 | 66 | 64 | 60 | 56 | 64 |
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 159.2 ± 41.5 | 152.7 ± 43.5 | 156.6 ± 35.4 | 166.5 ± 38.7 | 173.5 ± 48.1 | 154.1 ± 38.3 | 146.0 ± 43.3 | 158.9 ± 36.5 |
HOMA-IR | 2.83 ± 1.80 | 2.36 ± 1.45 | 2.70 ± 1.69 | 2.97 ± 1.92 | 3.34 ± 1.72 | 2.68 ± 2.03 | 2.69 ± 1.75 | 3.01 ± 2.03 |
HOMA-β (%) | 32.1 ± 27.1 | 32.6 ± 33.9 | 29.4 ± 20.1 | 33.4 ± 25.7 | 31.5 ± 22.7 | 29.1 ± 21.3 | 36.0 ± 35.2 | 33.0 ± 25.3 |
C-Peptide (ng/mL) | 2.10 ± 0.89 | 2.10 ± 0.90 | 2.36 ± 1.64 | 2.08 ± 0.58 | 2.14 ± 0.74 | 1.97 ± 0.78 | 2.00 ± 0.74 | 2.05 ± 0.96 |
SBP (mmHg) | 130.9 ± 14.9 | 128.9 ± 16.1 | 134.0 ± 13.4 | 131.8 ± 11.4 | 131.0 ± 16.5 | 131.6 ± 16.3 | 130.5 ± 13.4 | 131.4 ± 13.8 |
DBP (mmHg) | 76.5 ± 10.5 | 75.7 ± 9.7 | 76.5 ± 9.5 | 77.3 ± 10.3 | 79.6 ± 11.9 | 76.8 ± 11.4 | 79.7 ± 12.0 | 75.1 ± 10.2 |
Hypertension | 393 (60.4) | 107 (56.6) | 46 (63.9) | 29 (58) | 60 (60.6) | 24 (63.2) | 13 (72.2) | 114 (61.6) |
Dyslipidemia | 417 (64.1) | 102 (54) | 41 (56.9) | 34 (68) | 72 (72.7) | 25 (65.8) | 12 (66.7) | 131 (70.8) |
Hyperuricemia | 65 (10) | 17 (9) | 4 (5.6) | 2 (4) | 13 (13.1) | 5 (13.2) | 7 (38.9) | 17 (9.2) |
Retinopathy | 48 (7.4) | 7 (3.7) | 3 (4.2) | 2 (4) | 18 (18.2) | 1 (2.6) | 3 (16.7) | 14 (7.6) |
Arteriosclerosis obliterans | 55 (8.4) | 8 (4.2) | 2 (2.8) | 2 (4) | 25 (25.3) | 2 (5.3) | 2 (11.1) | 14 (7.6) |
Atrial fibrillation | 16 (2.5) | 5 (2.6) | 2 (2.8) | 2 (4) | 2 (2) | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0) | 4 (2.2) |
Renal disease | 49 (7.5) | 5 (2.6) | 2 (2.8) | 2 (4) | 16 (16.2) | 3 (7.9) | 4 (22.2) | 17 (9.2) |
Hepatic disease | 56 (8.6) | 15 (7.9) | 3 (4.2) | 4 (8) | 14 (14.1) | 4 (10.5) | 3 (16.7) | 13 (7) |
Myocardial infarction | 18 (2.8) | 5 (2.6) | 2 (2.8) | 1 (2) | 3 (3) | 0 (0) | 2 (11.1) | 5 (2.7) |
Cerebral stroke | 45 (6.9) | 8 (4.2) | 4 (5.6) | 3 (6) | 6 (6.1) | 3 (7.9) | 4 (22.2) | 17 (9.2) |
Angina pectoris | 27 (4.1) | 9 (4.8) | 2 (2.8) | 3 (6) | 6 (6.1) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (5.6) | 5 (2.7) |
Cardiac failure | 11 (1.7) | 3 (1.6) | 3 (4.2) | 1 (2) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.6) |