Table 1 Baseline demographics in relation to foot insensitivity status

n

152

76

Age (years)

54.9 ± 11.9

61.7 ± 11.2

<0.001

White Europeans

56 (36.8%)

46 (60.5%)

0.001

Male

80 (52.6%)

52 (68.4%)

0.023

Alcohol (drinks alcohol)

28 (18.4%)

17 (22.4%)

0.480

Smoking (never smoked)

98 (64.5%)

42 (55.3%)

0.178

Diabetes Duration (years)

10.9 ± 6.6

15.9 ± 8.5

<0.001

HBA1c (%)

8.1 ± 1.4

8.5 ± 1.6

0.045

Total cholesterol (mmol/l)

3.9 ± 1.0

3.9 ± 1.0

0.824

Triglycerides

2.0 ± 1.2

2.1 ± 1.3

0.605

Systolic BP (mmHg)

129.3 ± 15.4

131.7 ± 20.3

0.313

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

79.1 ± 9.7

76.3 ± 11.5

0.051

Mean arterial pressure

95.8 ± 10.2

94.8 ± 12.9

0.490

BMI (kg/m2)

32.7 ± 6.8

35.4 ± 10.4

0.045

Diabetic retinopathy (%)^a

88 (58.7%)

59 (80.8%)

0.001

Foot ulceration (%)

1 (0.7%)

7 (9.2%)

0.002

IHD (%)

26 (17.1%)

20 (26.3%)

0.102

PVD (%)

4 (2.6%)

10 (13.2%)

0.002

Diabetic retinopathy (%)

88 (58.7%)

59 (80.8%)

0.001

Medication

 Calcium Antagonist

36 (23.7%)

30 (39.5%)

0.013

 Beta Blocker

30 (19.7%)

21 (27.6%)

0.177

 Alpha Blocker

6 (3.9%)

13 (17.1%)

0.001

 Diuretic

38 (25.0%)

36 (47.4%)

0.001

 RAAS inhibitors

105 (69.1%)

53 (69.7%)

0.919

 Anti hypertensives

116 (76.3%)

66 (86.8%)

0.062

 No. of antihypertensives

1.0 (1.0–2.0)

2.0 (1.0–3.0)

0.001^a

 Lipid lowering treatment

129 (84.9%)

64 (84.2%)

0.897

 Incretin-based treatment

28 (18.4%)

9 (11.8%)

0.204

 OAD

142 (93.4%)

69 (90.8%)

0.476

 Insulin

70 (46.1%)

50 (65.8%)

0.005