Table 4 Clinical characteristics and autoimmunity status according to presence of diabetic microvascular complications

Age at the onset (yrs)

8.1 (4.3)^b

10 (5.4)

9.9 (5)^h

9.7 (5.2)

9.9 (5.1)ⁿ

9.8 (5.3)

9.9(5.4)

Age at study entry (yrs)

20.7 (3.8)^c

14.5 (6)

20.6 (4.2)ⁱ

14.2 (5.9)

(4.2)^o

14.2 (5.9)

14 (6)

Duration (yrs)

12.6 (4.8)^d

4.5 (4.4)

10.7 (5)^j

4.5 (4.5)

10.7 (5)^p

4.5 (4.5)

4.1 (4.2)

HbA1c (%)

10 (2.3)^e

8.6 (2.2)

9.3 (2.3)^k

8.7 (2.2)

9.3 (2.3)^q

8.7 (2.2)

8.5 (2.2)

Insulin dose (U/kg/d)

0.91 (0.3)^f

0.78 (0.3)

0.86 (0.3)^l

0.78 (0.3)

0.86 (0.3)^r

0.78 (0.3)

0.74 (0.4)

All negative antibodies (%)^a

12.5^g

7

9^m

7.2

9^s

7.2

7.2

GAD65 Ab levels (U/ml)

6.5 (18.6)

11.6 (28.9)

11.4 (29.5)

11.1 (28.2)

8.3 (18.9)

11.4 (28.9)

11.6 (29.3)

IA-2 Ab levels (U/ml)

1.6 (3.3) ^t

5.8 (10.7)

2.5 (5.7)^w

5.7 (10.6)

5.4 (13.8)

5.5 (10)

5.9 (10.4)

IAAs levels (U/ml)

7.2 (10.2) ^x

11.4 (15.3)

9 (15.7)

11.3 (14.9)

7.2 (11.1) ^y

11.4 (15.2)

11.8 (15.3)