Table 3 Comparison of clinical features between groups of newly diagnosed DM patients (n = 164) according to autoimmunity status
|  | No Ab’s (n = 20; 12.2%) | ≥1 Ab + (n = 144; 87.8%) | Only GAD65 + (n = 11; 6.7%) | Only IA-2 + (n = 19; 11.6%) | Only ICAs + (n = 2; 1.2%) | Only IAAs + (n = 3; 1.8%) | 2 Ab’s + (n = 78; 47.6%) | 3 Ab’s + (n = 28; 17.1%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at onset of DM (yrs) | 15.8 (6.5) | 11.5 (6.1) b | 16.1 (7.3) | 9.8 (6) f | 14.7 (1.2) | 10.9 (8.7) | 12.1 (5.5) h | 8.5 (5.8)k |
Birth weight (gr) | 3643 (699) | 3470 (485) | 3312 (421) | 3628 (443) | 3200 | 2920 (1018) | 3477 (502) | 3475 (408) |
Gestational age (weeks) | 39.4 (1) | 39.6 (1.5) | 39.2 (1.8) | 39.6 (1.3) | 40 | 40 | 39.6 (1.7) | 39.7 (1) |
Males (%) | 45 | 45.1 | 18.2 | 57.9 | 50 | 33.3 | 46.2 | 50 |
Positive family history of diabetes (1st degree relatives) (%) | 10 | 11.1 | 9.1 | 10.5 | 50 | 33.3 | 10.3 | 10.7 |
HbA1c (%) | 9.9 (3.7) | 10.9 (2.3) | 11.5 (2.2) | 10.8 (1.5) | 6.2 (0.1) | 7.7 (1.4) | 11.3 (2.3)i | 10.3 (2.3) |
Insulin dose (U/kg/d) | 0.43 (0.3) | 0.71 (0.4) c | 0.8 (0.4) e | 0.77 (0.3) g | 0 | 0.39 (0.3) | 0.75 (0.4) j | 0.62 (0.4) |
Positive ATPO (%) | 5.9 | 14.2 | 28.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18.3 | 8.3 |
Positive tTG-A (%) | 0 | 7.4 | 20 | 6.3 | 100 | -- | 8.2 | 5 |
Dyslipidemia (%) | 80 | 86.8 | 81.8 | 94.7 | 100 | 100 | 84.6 | 85.7 |
Ketosis (data available for 37 patients) | 50%(n = 4/8a) | 13.8% d(n = 4/29a) | 14.3%(n = 1/7a) | 100%(n = 3/3a) | -- | -- | 86.7% (n = 13/15a) | 100% (n = 3/3a) |