Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics for twins and singletons where OGTT results were available
Twins N = 209 | Singletons N = 182 | RR or DIFF | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
Male sex; % | 97/209 (46 %) | 86/182 (47 %) | 0.98 (0.79–1.22) | 0.87 |
Age; years (T = 209, S = 181) | 16.6 (7–34) | 14.2 (7–32) | 0.08 | |
Children (<16 years); % | 93/209 (44.5 %) | 99/181 (54.7 %) | 0.81 (0.64–1.03) | 0.09 |
Adults (≥16 years): % | 116/209 (55.5 %) | 82/181 (45.3 %) | 1.23 (0.98–1.54) | 0.08 |
Ethnicity; % | ||||
Balanta | 23/209 (11.0 %) | 14/182 (7.7 %) | 1.42 (0.70–2.90) | 0.33 |
Fula | 14/209 (6.7 %) | 21/182 (11.5 %) | 0.58 (0.29–1.18) | 0.13 |
Pepel | 67/209 (32.1 %) | 71/182 (39.0 %) | 0.82 (0.60–1.13) | 0.23 |
Mandinka | 19/209 (9.1 %) | 13/182 (7.1 %) | 1.27 (0.59–2.75) | 0.54 |
Other | 86/209 (41.1 %) | 62/182 (34.1 %) | 1.21 (0.90–1.62) | 0.21 |
Clinical data | ||||
Chronic disease; % | 12/209 (5.7 %) | 8/178 (4.5 %) | 1.28 (0.54–3.03) | 0.58 |
Family history of DMd; % | 15/183 (8.2 %) | 8/176 (4.5 %) | 1.80 (0.73–4.46) | 0.16 |
Tobacco smoking; %a | 5/116 (4.3 %) | 4/80 (5.0 %) | 0.86 (0.21–3.48) | 0.84 |
Alcohol intake; %a | 37/116 (31.9 %) | 17/80 (21 %) | 1.50 (0.89–2.53) | 0.13 |
MUACe; mm (T = 209, S = 181) | 236 (38–354) | 222 (140–342) | 0.43 | |
BMI/BMI z-score | ||||
BMI; kg/m2 (T = 119, S = 85)b | 20.6 (3.14) | 21.7 (3.52) | 0.02 | |
BMI-z-score (T = 88, S = 96)c | −1.32 (1.41) | −1.09 (1.07) | 0.23 | |
WHRf (T = 208, S = 180) | 0.83 (0.42–1.00) | 0.80 (0.35–1.38) | 0.03 | |
BFg; % (T = 207, S = 179) | 12.1 (2.3–32.7) | 11.1 (1.8–30.2) | 0.02 | |
Systolic BPh; mmHg (T = 201, S = 181) | 104 (13) | 107 (14) | 3.5 (0.5–6.4) | 0.02 |
Diastolic BPi; mmHg (T = 201, S = 181) | 62 (11) | 68 (12) | 5.8 (3.3–8.3) | <0.001 |
Hypertensionb | 4/116 (3.5 %) | 18/82 (22.0 %) | 0.16 (0.05–0.45) | <0.001 |
Birth weight; g (T = 56, S = 46) | 2410 (469) | 3090 (397) | 680 (500–860) | <0.001 |
Low birth weight (<2500 g); % | 29/56 (52 %) | 2/46 (4 %) | 14.4 (3.6–57.3) | <0.001 |