Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants in the MAILES cohort by T2D status at 5 years follow-up, crude incidence and corresponding age-adjusted odds ratios

Age (years)

 35–44

20

377

5.0

1

 45–54

34

449

7.0

1.43 (0.80,2.52) ^a

 55–64

47

374

11.2

2.37 (1.38,4.08) ^a

 ≥65

46

308

<0.001

13.0

2.82 (1.63,4.86) ^a

 Missing

0 (0.0 %)

0 (0.0 %)

Ethnicity/Country of birth

 Asia, Middle East, North Africa, Southern Europe

15

119

11.1

0.83 (0.47,1.47)

 Other (North West Europe, Americas, Oceania/Australia)

132

1387

0.329

8.7

1

 Missing

0 (0.0 %)

2 (0.1 %)

Income (AUD)

 Up to $12,000

15

72

17.1

2.89 (1.30,6.38)

 $12,001 – $20,000

23

148

13.7

2.13 (1.03,4.39)

 $20,001 – $30,000

24

193

11.5

1.82 (0.91,3.64)

 $30,001 – $40,000

16

181

8.8

1.52 (0.74,3.13)

 $40,001 – $50,000

13

188

6.5

1.16 (0.54,2.47)

 $50,001 – $60,000

15

181

7.6

1.41 (0.68,2.92)

 $60,001 – $80,000

18

225

8.0

1.54 (0.77,3.11)

 More than $80,000

16

294

0.003

5.2

1

 Missing

7 (4.8 %)

26 (1.7 %)

Family history of diabetes

 Yes

55

410

11.9

1.80 (1.25,2.58)

 No

91

1095

0.007

7.7

1

 Missing

1 (0.6 %)

3 (0.2 %)

FPG (mean, mmol/L)

 Mean (sd)

5.32 (0.71)

4.80 (0.60)

<0.001^b

 Missing

0 (0.0 %)

10 (0.7 %)

HbA1c (mean, %)

 Mean (sd)

5.87 (0.34)

5.49 (0.36)

<0.001^b

 Missing

0 (0.0 %)

8 (0.5 %)

Pre-diabetes (FPG 5.6–6.9 mmol/L or HbA1c 5.7–6.4 %)

 Yes

126

562

18.2

9.23 (5.72,14.90)

 No

21

936

<0.001

2.2

1

 Missing

0 (0.0 %)

10 (0.7 %)

Impaired fasting glucose (FPG 5.6–6.9 mmol/L)

 Yes

59

142

28.7

5.63 (3.87,8.19)

 No

88

1356

<0.001

6.1

1

 Missing

0 (0.0 %)

10 (0.7 %)

Currently taking blood pressure medication

 Yes

57

294

16.2

2.11 (1.43,3.11)

 No

90

1209

<0.001

6.9

1

 Missing

0 (0.0 %)

5 (0.3 %)

High blood pressure (≥140/90 mmHg)

 Yes

88

629

12.2

1.77 (1.24,2.53)

 No

59

874

<0.001

6.3

1

 Missing

0 (0.0 %)

5 (0.3 %)

Triglycerides (mean, mmol/L)

 Mean (sd)

1.99 (1.36)

1.70 (1.32)

0.013^b

 Missing

0 (0.0 %)

7 (0.5 %)

High triglycerides (>1.7 mmol/L)

 Yes

68

505

11.8

1.79 (1.27,2.54)

 No

79

996

0.002

7.3

1

 Missing

0 (0.0 %)

7 (0.5 %)

HDL-C (mean, mmol/L)

 Mean (sd)

1.20 (0.31)

1.27 (0.30)

0.011^b

 Missing

0 (0.0 %)

7 (0.5 %)

Low HDL-C (<1.0 mmol/L)

 Yes

30

193

13.4

1.84 (1.19,2.84)

 No

117

1308

0.011

8.2

1

 Missing

0 (0.0 %)

7 (0.5 %)

Diagnosed cardiovascular disease

 Yes

18

104

14.7

1.41 (0.81,2.44)

 No

129

1402

0.018

8.4

1

 Missing

0 (0.0 %)

2 (0.1 %)

Total testosterone (mean, nmol/L)

 Mean (sd)

15.0 (5.9)

17.7 (5.9)

<0.001 ^b

 Missing

10 (6.8 %)

146 (9.7 %)

Currently smoking

 Yes

17

248

6.4

0.78 (0.46,1.32)

 No

128

1257

0.136

9.4

1

 Missing

2 (1.4 %)

3 (0.2 %)

Physically inactivity (<540 METs)

 <540 METs

77

781

9.2

1.14 (0.81,1.61)

 ≥540 METs

62

665

0.754

8.5

1

 missing

8 (5.4 %)

62 (4.1 %)

Body mass index (kg/m2)

 Healthy weight 18.50–24.99

19

341

5.3

1

 Overweight 25.00–29.99

69

768

8.2

1.57 (0.93,2.65)

 Obese ≥30.00

59

399

<0.001

12.9

2.65 (1.54,456)

 Missing

0 (0.0 %)

0 (0.0 %)

Waist circumference category

 Low risk

65

925

6.5

1

 Medium risk

39

361

9.7

1.42 (0.93,2.15)

 High risk

42

215

<0.001

16.6

2.65 (1.74,4.02)

 Missing

1 (0.7 %)

7 (0.5 %)