Table 2 Metabolic characteristics of all subjects at baseline, also stratified by glucose tolerance status at baseline

N

138

117

21

Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)

4.8 ± 0.4

4.8 ± 0.4

5.1 ± 0.6

0.006

Fasting plasma insulin (pmol/L)

49.3 ± 31.9

45.1 ± 27.0

69.1 ± 44.4

0.013

OGTT 2 h plasma glucose (mmol/L)

6.0 ± 1.6

5.5 ± 1.1

8.7 ± 0.7

<0.001

HbA1c (mmol/mol)

32.5 ± 2.4

32.6 ± 2.3

32.1 ± 3.3

n.s.

M-value (GIR/lbm/min)

12.8 ± 3.8

13.3 ± 3.7

10.21 ± 3.4

0.002

M/I (GIR/lbm/min/pmol/L)

0.022 ± 0.01

0.023 ± 0.01

0.017 + 0.01

0.010

IVGTT AIR (pmol/L x min)

3187 ± 2014

3291 ± 2092

2547 ± 1303

n.s.

IVGTT LIR (pmol/L x min)

7760 ± 4354

7493 ± 4177

9427 ± 5150

0.092

HOMA-IR (mmol x mU/L²)

10.6 ± 7.5

9.5 ± 6.1

15.8 ± 11.0

0.009

Serum cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.9 ± 0.9

4.8 ± 0.9

5.3 ± 0.8

0.016

Serum HDL (mmol/L)

1.6 ± 0.4

1.6 ± 0.4

1.4 ± 0.3

0.029

Serum triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.0 ± 0.5

1.0 ± 0.5

1.4 ± 0.7

0.012

Serum LDL (mmol/L)

2.9 ± 0.8

2.8 ± 0.7

3.3 ± 0.9

0.004

Urine albumin (>20 mg/L)

69 (51 %)

55 (51 %)

8 (44 %)

Serum ALT (μkat/L)

0.43 ± 0.27

0.42 ± 0.24

0.50 ± 0.39

n.s.

Serum CRP (mg/L)

1.2 ± 2.0

1.1 ± 2.1

1.5 ± 1.4

n.s.

Serum creatinine (μmol/L)

88 ± 16

88 ± 16

87 ± 15

n.s.

Adipocyte cell size (μm)

94.3 ± 12.7

93.2 ± 13.1

101.1 ± 7.7

0.017

Serum adiponectin (μg/mL)

9.1 ± 4.6

9.3 ± 4.6

8.0 ± 4.3

n.s.

Il-6 (ng/mL)

45.3 ± 21.7

44.8 ± 21.4

49.3 ± 24.3

n.s.