Exercise training with dietary counselling increases mitochondrial chaperone expression in middle-aged subjects with impaired glucose tolerance

Table 3 Indices of glucose m etabolism and oxidative stress from serum and skeletal m uscle sam ples, as well as m axim al oxygen uptake in the subjects with im paired glucose tolerance (IGT) divided into two muscle phenotype groups.

	IGTslow subjects Baseline	2-year follow-up	IGTfast subjects Baseline	2-year follow-up
n = (Female/Male)	10 (4/6)		12 (2/10)
Serum
HbA_1c, %	5.74 ± 0.13	5.38 ± 0.08*	5.67 ± 0.11	5.33 ± 0.14**
HOM A-IR	3.52 ± 0.30	3.22 ± 0.51	5.23 ± 0.75	3.77 ± 0.71*
ORAC, μmol	56.0 ± 4.5	58.2 ± 3.1	54.0 ± 3.4	55.4 ± 3.2
P. carbonyl, arb.u.	0.129 ± 0.005	0.126 ± 0.00	0.110 ± 0.003^##	0.106 ± 0.003* ^##
Uric acid, μmol/l	370 ± 17	331 ± 18**	379 ± 17	342 ± 21*
Skeletal muscle
P. carbonyl, arb.u.	0.074 ± 0.011	0.071 ± 0.008	0.072 ± 0.007	0.070 ± 0.005
4-HNE, arb.u.	0.29 ± 0.07	0.24 ± 0.04	0.25 ± 0.04	0.26 ± 0.04
Maximal oxygen uptake
VO_2max, l/min	1.96 ± 0.22^a	2.10 ± 0.20* ^a	2.52 ± 0.15	2.69± 0.15**
VO_2max, /weight ml/kg/min	23.3 ± 2.7^a	25.3 ± 2.4* ^a	28.2 ± 1.7	30.9 ± 1.6**

Data are given as means ± SE; *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 within group; ^# P < 0.05, ^## P < 0.01 between groups;^a n = 9.

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